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At a recent Patient Safety Education Network meeting, Karen Male, ward leader at the University Hospital Southampton, gave a presentation on how she reduced falls on her ward. We asked Karen to share her journey and insights in a blog for the hub. The Patient Safety Education Network is a informal voluntary peer network for those in patient safety education and training roles. It provides a monthly drop-in session with guests to talk through issues of importance to those in patient safety education and training roles and now has over 470 members. You can find out about the network here. The challenge I joined the ward 14 months ago at a time when there was a high number of falls. In one year there was 72 falls, including four high-harm falls, and we would regularly have three falls a day. Falls prevention and staff confidence was low in the management and assessment of falls, and policies and procedures were not being followed. The ward layout was challenging—a corridor with three-bedded bays, long and narrow. Many of the patients were older and there had been a lot of Covid infections. My goal was simple: to reduce the falls in our ward. What I did I organised an entire ward awayday focusing on falls education, prevention, management of falls, and policies and procedures—everyone attended at the same time. This allowed the staff to discuss the way they worked ('work as done'). Back at the ward a Baywatch bay and a PHUDD scoring system was set up with the aim to reduce falls, particularly unwitnessed falls, by identifying if someone is high, medium or low risk of falling. The ward is a long corridor so one to two Baywatch bays are required. The PHUDD scoring system was used to identify those patients most at risk and to identify where they can go on the ward for the safest outcomes and if additional support is needed. It’s completed at least once daily for patients. On the PHUDD scoring system, 1 point was given to each question where the answer is yes. A point was added for any fall in the hospital. This was then used to decide which patient needed to be in the Baywatch bay. This score is on the handover and reviewed daily and at catch ups. Outcomes We have significantly reduced our falls—there has been 61.7% reduction in falls. There has been two long periods with no falls (one for a 48-day period and one for a 50-day period). Since the education day, we have had 1 or 2 falls a month rather than 5-11 falls every month. In the last 4 month we have had 6 falls instead of the potential 44. Staff are now educated on policies and procedure around the prevention of falls and the management of falls. Staff are proactive in the prevention of falls. Everyone knows that the Baywatch bay is the priority. And then everyone has their ends of the bay but we all cover each other. We have signs to say that’s it’s a Baywatch bay—for staff but also for relatives to say we can’t leave this bay. PHUDD score gives us evidence. You might have enough staff but we might have five patients with a particularly high score. So we have more staff around the bays to even it out where it’s needed. Night staff feel empowered to move patients who were most at risk to higher observation beds as they are the staff group most affected by falls on the ward. Bay nursing introduced handovers conducted outside of the bays, which enhanced the communication as opposed to being in an area away from the patients. We have completed a falls After Action Review and were praised for our significant improvement in post falls management and documentation. Senior management across our Trust have asked to learn more about the falls reduction plan. Barriers faced I met barriers. Staff were not acting in the way I wanted so I met resistance. But I was very honest with them. Told them what the consequences were. Got the most resistant on board first and then everyone else was easier. At the beginning the staff were demotivated and didn’t feel part of a team. We need to keep our teams valued and motivated. It’s an ongoing commitment to staff. We are always looking at how we can improve and asking staff what their ideas are. I think the biggest thing I did was look at what was my one main priority. And that’s what we focused on—falls. Now we are moving to pressure ulcers. If you pick one big thing to work on it’s easier. Give it a big focus and then, once sorted, move on to the next thing rather than trying to do everything at once. Next steps Training and education is essential—this has continued regularly from the ward leadership team. I’d like to do some simple quantification—more cost effective, efficient. PHUDD score gives us evidence. You might have enough staff but we might have five patients with a particularly high score. So we have more staff around the bays to even it out where it’s needed. We are now doing another nurse-led trial setting daily goals for patient mobility. We are very clear what the goals are, to increase mobilisation, and these goals are on the handover sheets for everyone to see. Further reading on the hub Yellow kits - an innovation to reduce the risk of falls in Accident and Emergency departments "The greatest part of this adventure has been the sharing of information." The Patient Safety Education Network one year on Implementing the aSSKINg pressure ulcer care bundle – a blog by Susan Martin Have you implemented a new initiative in your organisation? Have you improved patient safety where you work? We would love to hear from you and share on the hub your journey. If you are a member, you can share directly on the hub or please contact [email protected] to discuss further.

This conference focuses on improving safety for hospice patients. The day will highlight best practice in improving safety in hospices, highlight new developments such as the implications of the new Patient Safety Incident Response Framework (PSIRF), and the new CQC Inspection Framework, and will focus on key clinical safety areas such as falls prevention, medication safety, reduction and management of pressure ulcers, nutrition and hydration, improving the response and investigation of incidents, preparing for onsite inspections and developing a compassionate culture in hospices. Register at https://www.healthcareconferencesuk.co.uk/virtual-online-courses/patient-safety-hospices or email [email protected] hub members receive a 20% discount. Email [email protected] for discount code. Follow the conference on Twitter @HCUK_Clare #PSHospices

This Hospital at Night Summit focuses on out of hours care in hospitals delivering high quality safe care at night. Through national updates, networking opportunities and case studies this conference provides a practical guide to delivering a high quality hospital at night, and moving forward during and beyond the Covid-19 pandemic. The conference will also focus on improving staff well-being at night and reducing fatigue. Attending this conference will enable you to: Network with colleagues who are working to improve Hospital at Night Practice Learn from developments as a results of Covid-19 Improve your skills in the recognition management and escalation of deteriorating patients at night Understand and evaluate different models for Hospital at Night Examine the role of task management solutions for Hospital at Night, including handover and eObservations Ensuring effective and safe staffing at night, including adequate breaks Examine Hospital at Night team roles, competence and improve team working Improving safety through the reduction of falls at night Supporting staff and reducing fatigue at night Develop the role of Clinical Practitioner and Advanced Nursing Practice at night Identify key strategies to change practice and ways of working in Hospital at Night Understand how hospitals can improve conditions for night workers and support Junior Doctors Improve the management of pain at night Work across whole systems to improve support for patients out of hours Self assess and reflect on your own practice Gain CPD accreditation points contributing to professional development and revalidation Evidence Register There are a limited number of free places for hub members. Email: info@pslhuborg if interested. Follow on Twitter @HCUK_Clare #hospitalatnight

Gavin Portier is Head of Nursing Quality at Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. In this interview, Gavin explains how his approach to auditing has moved beyond measuring negative outcomes, instead focusing on standards of care. A year ago, you implemented a new approach to auditing at Barnsley. Can you tell us what prompted it? In healthcare, we tend to measure safety by looking at negatives. The number of falls, the number of category 2 pressure ulcers, the number of adverse events etc. Our whole system is built on it, from local auditing and Datix reporting, to CQC inspections. But counting the number of pressure ulcers for example, doesn’t really tell you about the standards of pressure ulcer care. I wanted to look at things differently; to focus more on the interventions and good practice that helps keep patients safe. Where did you start? We started with pressure ulcer reduction. Our Tissue Viability team and I looked at the learning from Root Cause Analyses and worked together to create a list of all of the things we can do to help prevent pressure ulcers. Skin assessments, pillow positioning, moving patients etc. If we ticked every box for every patient, would we prevent pressure ulcers altogether (unless the patient doesn’t follow the advice)? I took this list and worked with the digital app company, Perfect Ward to build a simple-to-use auditing tool. It allows us to measure safety by our standards of care and interventions rather than counting negative outputs. If our standards of care are high and a lot of people are still getting pressure ulcers, we have assurance on the standard of care being delivered. How did you implement the pressure ulcers audit? Once we had created the list of standards and preventative measures, we used the app to do an audit of around 35% of patients on each ward. At the start of the project, we found that teams were on average hitting 64% of the standards. The digital app provides a performance rating system, with red with red (less than 70%), amber (greater than 70% but less than 90%) and green (90% or more). The performance of the team against these ratings dictate how we would support each team moving forward. For example, if an audit showed a team to be performing at the lowest level (red), we made a commitment to support them on a weekly basis until they were performing at the highest level (green). How have staff responded? Staff have responded really well. This system provides recognition, and credit where credit is due. It can help staff to feel confident when they are providing high standards of care and to know that they are doing the right thing for the patients. Where there is room for improvement, the Perfect Ward app makes it is easy to see where the gaps in the delivery of interventions exist so they can be tackled. The tissue viability nurses are there to support, coach and to help problem solve. There may be certain interventions that are consistently missed which can sometimes be a sign that the wider organisation needs to help solve the issue. Safety is a shared responsibility, and we need to make sure we have the systems in place to support success. What support have you needed along the way? It’s really important to have passionate people who understand and believe in this approach to auditing. You need to have an Executive Team who are prepared to look at measuring outcomes differently. I’m lucky, our Director and Deputy Director of nursing are very supportive. It’s also important to acknowledge that it is not a silver bullet; change takes time. That can be frustrating for some people who want to see results quickly. It’s taken a year but teams are now hitting on average 94% of the standards set out by the auditing tool, and we are starting to see decreases in category 2 pressure ulcers (per 1000 bed days) since June 2020. What have you learnt? It has been really important to constantly engage staff and build good relationships, to make sure we understand everyone’s competing priorities. The approach has been a great enabler for quality improvement methodology, empowering teams to find their own solutions and really own the results. What’s next? This approach to auditing is not rocket science. It can be used to raise standards of care in most circumstances within health and social care – without focusing on the negatives. We have successfully applied it to both pressure ulcer and falls prevention at Barnsley and just started on nutrition and hydration. In the future I’d like to see it used in other areas, to identify what excellent dementia care in hospitals looks like for example. It could also be used to ensure that staff have a good understanding of the Mental Capacity Act and safeguarding processes. Or to make sure patients are being well-fed. It really is just a blueprint that can be used to raise standards of care, and safety in any circumstance. Final thoughts? I personally don’t like to look at my work as reducing harm. I prefer to look at it in terms of improving the standards of care we give our patients. The difference is important. Photograph of the Tissue Viability Team. Above is an example of a checklist used for pressure sores. The graph above shows the trust average on delivery of the pressure ulcer prevention interventions across adult inpatient wards over a 12 month period. The 'distribution of score' graph above shows the percentages scored across the adult inpatient wards for each month over a 12 month period. This graph shows more areas achieving 90% (or more) and fewer scoring 70% or less as time has progressed.

In this short video, Associate Professor, Paediatric Podiatrist and Research Lead, Cylie Williams shares practical tips to help people wear their masks safely. Cylie talks about how to shape the mask effectively to different face shapes and how to prevent glasses from steaming up which can cause people to fall. These tips can be used by clinicians to trouble shoot with their patients if they see someone struggling with their mask. They can also be used by anyone looking for advice on how to avoid some of the pitfalls associated with wearing a mask.