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Known as MBRRACE-UK, this outcome review programme’s latest report focuses on UK perinatal deaths of babies born in 2024, finding that rates of baby death continued to decrease in that year. Since MBRRACE-UK began, the number of babies who died shortly before, during, or soon after birth has been falling Stillbirth, neonatal mortality and extended perinatal mortality rates were lower in England and for the UK as a whole, compared with 2023. In 2024, the UK extended perinatal mortality rate was 4.77 baby deaths for every 1,000 births, which is 21% lower than in 2013. However, inequalities linked to deprivation, ethnicity and prematurity remain. Mortality rates continue to be higher in the most deprived areas, and babies of Black and Asian ethnicity continue to experience higher mortality rates than babies of White ethnicity. The report also highlights the relationship between ethnicity, deprivation and congenital anomalies, with some ethnic groups being more likely to live in the most deprived areas and congenital anomalies contributing disproportionately to neonatal mortality. But there are some small encouraging shifts, such as the fact that neonatal mortality for the most deprived group fell by 14%, while the gap between most and least deprived areas narrowed slightly after years of widening. These findings show that progress is being made in reducing baby deaths, but there is still important work to do – especially to tackle the gaps linked to deprivation, ethnicity, and how early in pregnancy a baby is born.

The Independent review of maternity services at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust was commissioned in June 2022 and looks at the provision of maternity and neonatal care at the Trust between 2012 and 2025. More than 2,500 families and over 800 staff have contributed to this review. It concluded that there were potentially avoidable outcomes relating to 444 maternity cases examined up to May 2025, alongside 76 neonatal cases. Key issues identified in this report include insufficient staffing and funding across perinatal care settings; the inability of staff to undertake even basic (often, mandatory) training; a persistent failure to listen to and believe mothers and fathers; and a corresponding failure to investigate, and therefore learn from, mistakes. The Review identifies 18 immediate and essential actions to improve care and safety in maternity services across England, which are summarised below: 1. Strengthening women-centred communication and informed choice All women must be provided with clear, consistent and accessible information throughout pregnancy to support informed decision-making. This should include information about labour and birth, pain relief options in labour, anaesthetic care for operative delivery, and the potential benefits and risks of different interventions. 2. Support a nationally agreed perinatal workforce planning methodology as a critical enabler of perinatal improvement at pace and scale Investment should be made in the development and implementation of a robust, evidence-based workforce planning tool across perinatal services. The tool should move beyond birth rates alone to reflect population complexity, including factors such as maternal age, co-morbidities, deprivation, acuity and service configuration. 3. National immediate and essential actions labour ward coordinator (LWC) role Implement a nationally recognised LWC programme for all Band 7 LWC midwives undertaking the LWC role. Provide structured opportunities and support to achieve the competencies and standards outlined across the six domains of the national LWC Framework. Introduce 360-degree feedback for all LWCs to support reflection, performance development and understanding of the impact of behaviour on the multidisciplinary team. 4. All trusts must support training for midwives in the use of speculum examination All Trusts must ensure that midwives are supported to achieve local training competencies to perform speculum examinations for women at any gestation of pregnancy, with clear escalation pathways for women in pre-term labour or those requiring immediate ongoing care. 5. Enhanced maternal care All staff caring for pregnant women must receive regular, structured multidisciplinary training to ensure timely recognition and effective management of the deteriorating woman. Training must equip midwives, obstetricians, anaesthetists, critical care teams and outreach services with the skills, knowledge and confidence to deliver safe, high-quality enhanced maternal care. National education programmes must cover key areas of maternal care and include the recognition and management of lesser-known but clinically important conditions, such as maternal ketosis, to ensure consistent, safe and excellent care across all maternity services. 6. Delivering safe, personalised and equitable maternity care through early risk recognition, coordinated care and responsive services All Trusts must ensure women receive the appropriate ‘safety-netting’ within their care, enabling them to access services and treatments, including the consideration of reducing barriers to enable to the provision of safe maternity care. 7. National standard for standardisation and recording of fetal growth risk assessment There must be standardisation of fetal growth risk assessment, management and audit across RCOG, SBLCB and NICE guidance, with clear concise recommendations on the choice of pathways and charts to ensure consistency of the approach to the reduction in stillbirth. All practitioners performing ultrasound growth scans should have training to undertake and report examinations to meet the standardised methods used in the recommended charts. 8. There must be a national standard and documentation for maternity triage and record keeping in maternity care provision Trusts must develop a robust method of training for midwives providing triage care. This must include minimum competency standards for telephone risk assessment, agreed pathways for mandatory attendance for review and a holistic review of physical, mental and social wellbeing assessment. Suppliers of Electronic Patient Record (EPR) systems must ensure there is a standardised national maternity handover tool that addresses interoperability gaps between Trust systems. All Trusts must implement the standardised national Maternity Early Warning System (MEWS) with clearly defined escalation pathways wherever they are being cared for. 9. Support the development and implementation of a structured assessment framework for the latent phase of labour, ensuring clarity when the ‘latent phase of labour’ becomes abnormal requiring escalation Develop and implement a structured assessment framework for the latent phase of labour, incorporating maternal and fetal wellbeing, the woman’s preferences and narrative, social circumstances, potential barriers to accessing care (e.g. language or socioeconomic factors), time of day, and distance from the unit when determining the appropriateness of admission. 10. All Trusts must define criteria for the safe use of telephone postnatal follow-up, indicating when telephone follow-up is acceptable or when face-to-face follow-up is mandatory The first risk assessment for this should be documented in the woman’s notes in the antenatal period (by 34 weeks gestation), and the risk assessment reviewed before postnatal discharge from the hospital, and after every postnatal community visit. 11. National standard for obstetric anaesthetic record-keeping All Trusts must introduce and use standardised approaches to key areas of maternity anaesthetic care to reduce variation and improve outcomes. An agreed minimum standard for obstetric anaesthetic documentation must be implemented. This should include routine recording of intra-operative pain scores and accompanying narrative log, particularly during unexpected or critical events. 12. Safe, accessible and comprehensive maternity anaesthetic documentation All Trusts must strengthen maternal anaesthetic and critical care documentation, ensuring it is clear, contemporaneous and readily accessible, ideally within a single unified electronic patient record. Documentation must capture all relevant multidisciplinary discussions and care plans, and be woman centred, reflecting the woman’s needs, preferences, and involvement in decisions. 13. Department of Health and Social Care/NHS England (DHSC/NHSE) should introduce and support access to coordinated multidisciplinary debrief and psychological support. DHSC/NHSE must support Trusts to ensure that maternity services provide timely, accessible psychological support for women and families following traumatic events. This must include clear referral pathways, adequately resourced specialist provision, and processes that proactively identify and respond to unmet emotional and psychological needs 14. Funding for implementation of maternity Patient Safety Incident Reporting Framework (PSIRF) DHSC/NHSE must provide adequate funding to address the systemic resource gap that prevents Trusts from operationalising new national policy, enabling women and families to experience safer, more consistent care, with improvement demonstrated through full implementation, audit compliance, and sustained delivery of required standards. DHSC/NHSE should develop clear maternity-specific definitions and guidance on patient-safety incidents to resolve national inconsistency in interpretation, ensuring women and families receive transparent and accurate reporting of harm, with improvement evidenced by nationally standardised grading and reliable national data. 15. Strengthened multidisciplinary governance and learning All Trusts must ensure protected time for multidisciplinary governance, review and learning. This must include learning from both adverse events and examples of good practice to support continuous improvement in the quality and safety of care provided to women. Learning from neonatal PSIRF investigations should be considered alongside maternity investigations, recognising the opportunities for shared learning across perinatal services. 16. Foster a compassionate, psychologically safe, and learning culture All Trusts must actively foster a culture of safety, compassion and respect across all maternity services. Staff must feel supported to speak up and raise concerns without fear of reprisal. Women must feel listened to, respected, and fully involved in decisions about their care. Trusts must promote compassionate leadership, a civil and kind workplace, and the use of positive feedback as a tool to reinforce good practice and drive continuous improvement. A psychologically safe and learning culture is essential to improving clinical outcomes, supporting staff wellbeing and enhancing the experiences of women and their families. 17. DHSC/NHSE should recommend and support recruitment processes and implement a consistent onboarding package for new starters Trusts must streamline recruitment processes and implement a consistent onboarding package for all staff involved in the delivery of perinatal care with named supervision and support during initial shifts. 18. All Trusts to ensure compliance, audited annually, with the NHS Records Management Code of Practice post-death care The report also notes that in post-death care, Trusts should cease the practice of conducting post mortem examinations anywhere except the mortuary. They should ensure all investigations or reviews into after-death care include an independent post-death care specialist. Nationally there should be statutory regulation of Anatomical Pathology Technologists introduced.

The long-awaited report into maternity failures at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS trust, the largest investigation of its kind in the UK, involving about 2,500 families, will be published shortly. Led by the senior midwife Donna Ockenden, the inquiry investigated stillbirths, neonatal deaths, maternal deaths and babies or mothers who suffered brain damage and other injuries between 2012 and 2025. In this article some of the families affected share their stories about what happened to them in Nottingham, and explain why this is such a landmark moment.

The estimated number of deaths linked to long waits in Emergency Departments across England has surged almost tenfold over the past decade.  That’s according to new analysis published in the Royal College of Emergency Medicine’s (RCEM) ‘State of Emergency Medicine in England’ report, which conservatively estimates that there were 15,860 excess deaths associated with long waiting times in English EDs in 2025.  That’s the lives of 305 people lost every week.  While the number of deaths is slightly lower than 2024 (16,644), further analysis reveals that the estimated mortality figure increased almost tenfold when compared to 2015 (1,657). RCEM’s report examines the scale of overcrowding in EDs and the impact this is having on patient safety and staff. Drawing on national data, research and frontline evidence from clinicians, it highlights how long waits, high bed occupancy and a lack of patient flow continue to lead to overcrowded emergency departments.  Long waits are closely linked to an increased chance of death within the following 30 days.   Further analysis for the previous year concerningly reveals nearly half a million people (489,138) waited 24 hours or more in EDs across England. This has increased by around 150,000 patients in just 3 years.  

On 30 July 2025 an investigation was commenced into the death of Pamela Ann Honeybone, who died at Scarborough General Hospital on 19 October 2024 aged 90. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 23 September 2025.  The conclusion of the inquest was that: Pamela Ann Honeybone died as a consequence of naturally occurring disease. Diagnosis of her condition was delayed when another patient was scanned in error instead of Mrs Honeybone, but it has not been possible to determine on the balance of probabilities that this contributed to her death.  On the 19 of September 2024 Pamela Ann Honeybone was admitted to Scarborough General Hospital following a fall. She required CT scanning but another patient with the same first name underwent the investigation in error and its results were attributed to Mrs Honeybone. Mrs Honeybone’s condition continued to deteriorate and a CT scan undertaken on the 15 of October 2024 revealed the presence of an abdominal mass suggestive of lymphoma. Mrs Honeybone was moved to end of life care and she died at the hospital on the 19 of October 2024. Matters of concern: It was accepted in evidence that neither the doctor who escorted the wrong patient from the Emergency Department to radiology, nor the radiographer who undertook the CT scan on her, checked the identity of the patient in question. No transfer checklist was completed, and the patient was not asked to complete and/or sign the CT scanning questionnaire herself. No member of staff inquired as to the outcome of this patient’s CT scan prior to her discharge a few hours later. The scanning error was recognised by a radiologist on the 15th of October 2024, but was not conveyed to Mrs Honeybone’s treating team until late October, by which time she had died and her death had been scrutinised by the Medical Examiner and certified by her treating doctor as wholly natural and not requiring referral to the Coroner. As a result of the aforementioned delay, a Trust investigation did not commence until late November 2024. No prompt after action review therefore occurred in the hours and days after the error was recognised. When the Trust investigation did commence, staff directly involved either could not be identified or had no recollection of events. Despite hearing evidence that it was a doctor who would have escorted the wrong patient to scanning, the Trust Investigation focussed on nursing involvement with the patients in question and did not seek to identify and question medical team members. An Action Plan was drawn up as a result of the Trust Investigation, but for various reasons no audit of compliance with patient identification processes commenced until early August 2025, some ten months after Mrs Honeybone’s death. The results of the audit thus far were made available to me at inquest and indicate that 1 in 5 audited treatment encounters between staff of all grades and specialisms still occur without the patient being positively identified. The coroner heard evidence that while radiology transfer checklists are routinely completed ‘in hours’ at Scarborough Hospital when a dedicated HCA is on duty to perform this task, no such checklist is in use at the Trust’s York site at any time of the day. Mrs Honeybone’s misidentification occurred ‘out of hours’ at Scarborough when no designated person assumes responsibility for this task at that site. The coroner considers the above represent a continuing risk to others from misidentification and delayed responses to identified errors, with clear implications for patient safety.

This annual publication presents statistics of deaths reported to Coroners in England and Wales in 2025. Information is provided on the number of deaths reported to coroners, post-mortem examinations and inquests held, and conclusions recorded at inquests. 

A new study reveals how the immune system behaves in people who have had complications from surgical mesh implants. Result? There is evidence of ongoing, abnormal immune activation throughout the body, not just at the implant site. Most research on mesh complications looks at local problems such as damage or inflammation where the mesh is placed. However, this paper asks a bigger question. Do these patients also have a whole‑body (systemic) immune response, not just a local one? The answer appears to be YES. The study was conducted by a team at the NHS Newcastle Mesh Complication Centre who say the mechanisms underpinning mesh complications remain largely unknown. Also, there are no reports characterising systemic immune dysregulation – in other words, the immune system not working as it should. The paper shows that people with mesh complications have measurable changes in their immune system throughout the body, suggesting complications may be partly driven by systemic inflammation not just local damage.