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Implementing safe and effective handover in maternity and gynaecology is now live. The consultation is open for comment for 4 weeks (closing date: Thursday 4 June). Full details on how to provide feedback on this paper are available on the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecology (ROCG) website. Peer review is a vital stage in guidance development and aims to ensure that the draft content accurately reflects and explains the latest high-quality evidence and best practice. In order to achieve this, RCOG invite a wide cross-section of stakeholders to provide comments on an individual basis.

A coronial investigation into the death of Roman Louie Barr, aged 22 who died on 14  December 2023, was opened on 20 June 2024 and concluded on 3 March 2026. The inquest was conducted without a jury. The conclusion reached was a short factual  narrative: “The deceased died as a result of an asthma attack. Information indicating the need for an  urgent ambulance response was not obtained, and because no ambulance was available for several hours, he was taken to hospital by his family. On the balance of probabilities, earlier intervention by an emergency ambulance would have prevented his death.”  On 14 December 2023, Roman Louie Barr suffered an asthma attack. His father collected him from work and took him home, where Roman used his nebuliser without improvement. Three calls were made to the ambulance service. During these calls, Roman was assessed as Category 2, and the family were twice advised that no ambulance would be available for several hours. They were asked whether they could transport him to hospital themselves and took the decision to do so. Evidence established that at the time of the first call, Roman was critically unwell, displaying symptoms including bluish lips, but this information was not elicited during triage. Roman was of mixed ethnicity and had a darker skin tone, as his father explained to the call handler. The NHS Pathways question requiring confirmation that the patient was “a deathly colour” was not understood by his father. Clearer prompts—such as asking whether the lips were blue or grey—were not asked. A recommendation made during the subsequent review to amend this NHS Pathways wording was not accepted by those responsible for the system’s content. Ambulance availability was severely constrained due to significant delays in hospital handovers, leaving no crews free to respond. On the balance of probabilities, had clearer wording been used and the relevant information obtained, Roman would have been categorised as Category 1, for which an ambulance would be expected to arrive within approximately ten minutes even during surge conditions. While being driven to hospital, Roman suffered a cardiac arrest. His mother moved into the footwell of the passenger side and commenced CPR as they continued their journey. On arrival at the hospital, the family vehicle was involved in a collision, during which Roman’s mother sustained serious injuries. Roman could not be resuscitated and died shortly after arrival. I also heard evidence that Roman had been using his blue (salbutamol) inhaler more frequently than recommended, indicating poor asthma control, and that neither he nor his family were aware of the clinical significance of this increased use. Following his death, the GP practice conducted a review and introduced measures to better identify and monitor patients with high salbutamol use, including keeping a list of such patients, automatically booking reviews when further inhalers are requested, liaising with community pharmacists, and placing alerts on patient records to support timely assessment. Notwithstanding the Drug Safety Update issued on 25 April 2025 reminding clinicians of the risks associated with increased salbutamol use, the evidence in this case indicates that the importance of excessive reliever use may still not be fully recognised by patients or by primary care. Matters of concern Limited awareness of salbutamol overuse Evidence showed that patients and families may not appreciate the clinical significance of increased use of the blue (salbutamol) inhaler or its association with poorly controlled asthma. Identification and follow-up of reliever overuse Evidence showed that excessive or repeated requests for salbutamol inhalers may not be reliably identified within existing systems, and there may be no consistent process for follow-up when such patterns occur, meaning deteriorating asthma may go unrecognised. Ambulance handover delays affecting emergency availability Prolonged ambulance handover times at local hospitals were a significant factor in no ambulance being available at the time help was sought, reducing emergency response capacity during periods of high demand. Risks when families transport critically unwell patients The absence of an available ambulance for several hours resulted in the family transporting Roman to hospital themselves, exposing both him and his family to significant risk during a time-critical medical emergency. Clarity of NHS Pathways triage wording Evidence showed that a key NHS Pathways question used during triage was not understood by the caller and did not elicit clinically significant information. This raises a concern that, given the reliance on scripted triage systems, such scripts may not always use wording that is easily understood by lay callers in distress

David Colin Strachan was aged 76 years when he died on 16 March 2022 at his home address in Uangollen, Denbighshire. At 23.20 hours on 15 March 2022, he experienced a sudden onset of chest pain, vomiting and became clammy with shortness of breath. A number of 999 calls were made to the Welsh Ambulance Service but it was not until 9.10am, some 9 hours and 52 hours from the initial call that an ambulance and paramedics arrived. An ECG by paramedics indicated that Mr Strachan had suffered an ST elevation myocardial infarction. He was conveyed directly to the North Wales Cardiac Centre at Ysbyty Gian Clwyd and following investigations he was transferred to the Coronary Care Unit. On arrival his breathing weakened and he died at 12.27pm on 16 March 2022 in hospital. The cause of death was recorded as: 1a. Acute myocardial infarction 1b. Coronary artery atheroma. Coroner's Matters of Concern: The causes of the ambulance delay were that all available resources were managing incidents of a higher acuity or the same category but registered prior and there were significant handover delays across all BCUHB sites. The matters of concern are longstanding and multifactorial and despite proposed future action significant concerns remain. The Welsh Ambulance Service NHS Trust and Health Board maintain that they are continuing to work closely in border to address handover delays and yet any improvements appear extremely limiting. Deaths are occurring and will continue to occur as a result of delayed ambulance attendances caused by these multifactorial issues.

The purpose of this study was to look at reported patient safety events at the interface between hospital and care home including what active failings and latent conditions were present and how reporting helped learning. Two care home organisations, one in the North East and one in the South West of England, participated in the study. Reports relating to a transition and where a patient safety event had occurred were sought during the Covid-19 virus prepandemic and intrapandemic periods. All reports were screened for eligibility and analysed using content analysis. The findings highlight potentially high levels of underreporting. The most common safety incidents reported were pressure damage, medication errors, and premature discharge. Many active failings causing numerous staff actions were identified emphasizing the cost to patients and services. Additionally, latent conditions (failings) were not emphasized; similarly, evidence of learning from safety incidents was not addressed.

On the 20 February 2019 an investigation commenced into the death of Bethan Naomi Harris who was born on the 16 November 2018 at the St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Bethan Naomi Harris died at Shooting Star Hospice on the 26 November 2018. Her mother's pregnancy had been uneventful. After admission to labour ward labour progressed very quickly indeed and Bethan sustained severe brain injury during delivery. Despite best efforts by the neonatal team she succumbed to her injuries. The Investigation concluded at the end of the Inquest on the 19 November 2019. The conclusion of the inquest was that the medical cause of Bethan's death was (1a) hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Coroner's Matters of Concern: The Inquest was held one year after Bethan Naomi Harris's death. During the course of the oral evidence it emerged that several, in my mind important, learning issues had not been addressed. There were issues relating to handover of patients to midwives and at the time of Inquest there had been no further specific training in relation to handover. Indeed it was stated that the process in place at the time of Bethan's delivery still pertained without alteration. This represented a risk to patients. At the time of Inquest a team debrief, which I consider to be a source of learning to reduce the risk of serious incident in future was still outstanding. There was little evidence from the oral evidence given that any effective reflection, reflective discussions or learning had taken place subsequent to Bethan's birth and then death. I consider it important that organisations seek to ensure individual and collective reflection to seek to avoid repetition. The evidence for this, one year on, was lacking. St George's University Hospitals response.

A casually centred proposal identifying how Fire and Rescue Services can improve pre-hospital care and quality of life outcomes for burn survivors.  David Wales and Kristina Stiles have released this report looking at the burn survivor experience in the pre-hospital environment. The work makes ten operational recommendations and also two 'lessons learned' recommendations exploring strategic partnership working and the resulting fragmented services.

The Association of Ambulance Chief Executives (AACE) has published a new report charting the major increase in the frequency and length of hospital handover delays over the past ten years, calling for an even greater focus on improvements that will reduce and eradicate delays, prevent more patients from coming to significant harm and stop the drain on vital ambulance resources. The new report reveals: In 2011, around 20% of handovers were exceeding the expected 15-minute target, with delays over an hour seldom. In 2017-18, 53% of handovers were taking longer than 15 minutes and 3% were taking longer than an hour, with patients waiting in the back of ambulances or in corridors, before they were being accepted into the care of their local hospital. In 2021-22, 61% of handovers were taking longer than 15 minutes and 8% were taking longer than an hour. In 2022-23, 68% of all hospital handovers throughout the NHS were taking longer than 15 minutes and 14% were taking longer than an hour, with many stretching for several hours, causing much harm to patients and damage to the wellbeing of the ambulance crews caring for them.

Hospitals can significantly elevate patient satisfaction and enhance the delivery of healthcare services by incorporating best practices from adjacent and non-adjacent sectors. Chetan Trivedi explores several solutions, from multiple sectors, that can serve as a blueprint for hospitals across every key step of the patient journey, spanning from admission to discharge.

This white paper from CEMBooks aims to unpick some of the deeper issues surrounding bed block and emergency department crowding from the perspective of a frontline medic with two decades of emergency and flow management experience. It aims to provide a greater understanding of the factors influencing the current situation and the measures used to define it followed by some practical implementable solutions.

Traditional approaches to patient safety and handoffs need redesigning to acknowledge the different constraints, goals, and requirements necessary for each individual patient. There is no “one size fits all” approach to patient safety, handoffs or a perfect checklist. Despite the inherit complexity present in healthcare systems, we tend to reduce our thinking about handoffs into simple solutions of checklists and cognitive aids. In studies of these tools, their association with patient outcomes is unclear with mixed results in large studies. Incorporating general resilience engineering principles of visibility, understanding, anticipation, and learning provides new opportunities for increased patient safety. This involves situating the handoff in the context of the system - understanding the process of summarising pre-handoff and of developing understanding post-handoff, tracing flows of information and patients, and considering the role of feedback and control loops in the system. Direct observations, analysis of multiple outcomes, focus on patient evolving specific exceptions, reducing the number of handoffs, taking time for two-way discussions, and user-centred design and redesign may promote acceptability and sustainability of a new view of handoffs for improved patient safety.