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Content ArticleThis webpage contains information from the Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCOA) on coroners' reports that have been sent to the RCOA so that action can be taken to prevent future deaths. The webpage contains: information about the latest reports received. links to articles relating to the patient safety issues identified. information on multidisciplinary team training. training videos.
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Content ArticleThis study in the British Journal of General Practice aimed to identify cardiovascular disease-related Prevention of Future Deaths reports (PFDs) involving anticoagulants, and to highlight issues raised and responses received. The authors highlight that nearly two-thirds (60%) of PFDs had not received responses from the organisations they were sent to, including NHS trusts, hospitals and general practices. They call for national organisations, healthcare professionals and prescribers to take actions that address concerns raised by coroners in PFDs, in order to improve the safe use of anticoagulants in treating cardiovascular disease.
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Content ArticleThis study in BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine examined coroners’ Prevention of Future Deaths (PFDs) reports to identify deaths involving Covid-19 that coroners saw as preventable. The authors found that: there was geographical variation in the reporting of PFDs; most (39%) were written by coroners in the North West of England. the coroners raised 56 concerns, problems in communication being the most common (30%), followed by failure to follow protocols (23%). NHS organisations were sent the most PFDs (51%), followed by the government (26%). responses to PFDs by these organisations were poor. The study concludes that PFDs contain a rich source of information on preventable deaths that has previously been difficult to examine systematically. It identified concerns raised by coroners that need to be addressed during the government’s inquiry into the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic, to reduce the likelihood of mistakes being repeated.
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Preventable deaths tracker
Patient-Safety-Learning posted an article in Coroner reports
The Preventable Deaths Tracker was set up to explore concerns raised by coroners to prevent future deaths. The tracker aims to collate data, information and analysis arising from coroners reports and other investigations and make it accessible for all. It hopes to warn against repeat hazards and highlight important lessons, to improve public safety, reduce avoidable harms and prevent premature deaths. The tracker was originally developed with funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School for Primary Care Research. -
Content ArticleAll big experiences in our lives have two realities. There is what really happened. And there is the narrative, the story we tell ourselves and each other about what happened. Of the two, psychologists say it’s the narrative that matters most. Creating coherent stories about events allows us to make sense of them. It is the narrative that determines our reactions, and what we do next. Two years after the World Health Organization (WHO) finally used the word “pandemic” in its own story about the deadly new virus from Wuhan, narratives have multiplied and changed around the big questions. How bad is it? What should we do about it? When will it be over? The stories we embraced have sometimes been correct, but others have sown division, even caused needless deaths. Those stories aren’t finished – and neither is the pandemic. As we navigate what could be – if we are lucky – Covid’s transition to a present but manageable disease, it is these narratives we most need to understand and reconcile. What has really happened since 2020? And how does it still affect us now?
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Content ArticleIn this personal blog, an NHS volunteer describes her experience of supporting a patient dying in hospital of Covid-19. She highlights the role that volunteers can play in giving compassion and comfort to patients in an overwhelmed health system. She also draws attention to the lack of training she had before taking on the role, and the mental and emotional toll of volunteering in such environments.
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Content ArticleSky Rollings had been diagnosed with Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD) and was sectioned under the Mental Health Act. She was transferred from a Children and Adolescent Mental Health Hospital to the Acute Adult Unit at the Harplands Hospital on 4 November 2019. She died on 9 November at the Royal Stoke University Hospital.
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Content ArticleRebecca Romero was 15 years old and had a long history of self-harm and mental health problems. On 19 July 2017 she was found dead at her home, with a ligature around her neck. Rebecca had left Pebble Lodge psychiatric unit for a period of leave on 6 July 2017, but never returned to the unit after her leave. The original plan was to transfer her to an alternative unit, Riverside, but as there were no inpatient or day patient places available, a discharge meeting was held on 14 July where a community care package was put in place. She was under the community team at the time of her death, but had not been seen since her discharge.
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Content Article15 year-old Mary Bush had a diagnosis of anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress syndrome and suicidal ideation, and on 6 August 2020, Mary took her own life. In her report, the Coroner raises a number of concerns and highlights action that needs to be taken to prevent future deaths.
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Content ArticleMatthews et al. investigated inequalities in stillbirth rates by ethnicity to facilitate development of initiatives to target those at highest risk. They found that stillbirth rates declined in the UK, but substantial excess risk of stillbirth persists among babies of black and Asian ethnicities. The combined disadvantage for black, Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnicities who are more likely to live in most deprived areas is associated with considerably higher rates. Key causes of death were congenital anomalies and placental causes. Improved strategies for investigation of stillbirth causes are needed to reduce unexplained deaths so that interventions can be targeted to reduce stillbirths.
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Content Article
Learning from Coroner's reports
Patient Safety Learning posted an article in Coroner reports
When a patient dies because of preventable avoidable harm it is crucial that we learn from the event and implement changes to ensure it does not reoccur. Implementing the findings and recommendations of Coroner’s Prevention of Future Deaths (PFD) reports can play a key role in this. This blog reflects on a recent discussion at a Patient Safety Management Network (PSMN) meeting about PFD reports and how their insights can be used for learning and improvement. The PSMN is an informal voluntary network for patient safety managers in England. Created by and for patient safety managers it provides a weekly drop-in session with guests to talk through issues of importance to patient safety managers, providing information, peer support and safe space for discussion. You can find out about the network here.- Posted
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Prevention of Future Deaths report – Van Tuyen (22 February 2022)
Mark Hughes posted an article in Coroner reports
Van Thai Tuyen was admitted to the Royal London Hospital on 1 August 2021 for treatment of a stroke. A nasogastric tube was inserted to administer medication and food, due to Mr Tuyen being assessed as having an unsafe swallow. Despite an x-ray showing that the nasogastric tube had been misplaced into his right lung the tube was used to administer approximately 300ml of liquid feed. This caused the cavitating necrotising pneumonia from which he died.- Posted
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Prevention of Future Deaths report – Chloe Lumb (17 February 2022)
Mark Hughes posted an article in Coroner reports
Chloe Lumb was known to have a genetic risk of aortic dissection that was being monitored. When she presented to James Cook University Hospital in Middlesbrough on 4 January 2021 a diagnosis of aortic dissection was not made, despite the prior knowledge about her risk and her clinical symptoms. The next day she contacted the hospital following discharge because of ongoing symptoms but was not asked to return to hospital. In her report, the Coroner states that a diagnosis of aortic dissection and appropriate surgical treatment would have prevented Ms Lumb’s death. -
Content ArticleThis report details an independent investigation into a homicide committed by an individual receiving treatment for mental health issues. It identifies lessons that can be learned from this incident and areas where improvements to services could help prevent similar incidents occurring.
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Content ArticleCoroner regulations: Regulation 28 - Report on action to prevent other deaths. Regulation 29 - Response to a report on action to prevent other deaths.
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Content ArticleRule 43 reports were replaced on implementation of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 with Reports on Action to Prevent Future Deaths (‘reports’) .For short they can be referred to as PFDs or PFD reports or Regulation 28 reports. These reports are important. Coroners have a duty not just to decide how somebody came by their death but also, where appropriate, to report about that death with a view to preventing future deaths. A bereaved family wants to be able to say: ‘His death was tragic and terrible, but at least it shouldn’t happen to somebody else.’ Broadly speaking reports should be intended to improve public health, welfare and safety. They should not be unduly general in their content; sweeping generalisations should be avoided. They should be clear, brief, focused
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Content ArticlePresentation from Patricia Harding, Senior Coroner, Mid Kent & Medway, North East Kent, Central & South East Kent on the role of the coroner. Includes reportable deaths, the Cor0navirus Act 2020, how to complete a MCCD, inquests, preparation of reports and giving evidence.
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Content ArticleThis investigation by the Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch (HSIB) looks at the issue of emergency blood transfusions given to newborn babies who need resuscitation when they are born. If a baby has lost blood before or during birth, efforts to resuscitate them may be less effective because they may not have enough blood to carry the oxygen their body needs. Delays in the administration of a blood transfusion in this scenario can therefore result in brain injury caused by lack of oxygen to the baby’s brain. As its ‘reference case’, the investigation examined the experience of Alex and Robert, whose baby Aria was born by emergency caesarean section following an acute blood loss. Baby Aria required resuscitation and was given a blood transfusion before being transferred to the neonatal (newborn baby) unit. Baby Aria sadly died when she was two days old.
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Content ArticleThis article details the case and findings of an investigation by the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) into the death of Stephen Durkin. Stephen died after suffering organ failure from sepsis, while under the care of Wye Valley NHS Trust. His wife, Michelle Durkin, subsequently made a complaint that delays in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis led to her husband’s death.
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Content ArticleThe aim of this study from Liu et al. was to assess the impact of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) first trimester screening algorithm for pre-eclampsia on health disparities in perinatal death among minority ethnic groups.
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Content ArticleOn 8 April 2020 the coroner commenced an investigation into the death of Daniel France, age 17. Danny was 17 years old and was living at a YMCA hostel. He was on medication for depression and had been referred to secondary mental health services. He had made previous suicide attempts. On 3 April 2020 he took his own life. The medical cause of death was asphyxiation by hanging and the conclusion was suicide. Danny was a vulnerable teenager: he had left home and was living in hostel accommodation; he had changed his GP practice; he was trans, had changed his name and had been referred to the Gender Identity Clinic; he had recently been discharged from secondary mental health services in Suffolk and had been referred to mental health services in Cambridge; he had previously been under CAMHS and was now being referred to adult mental health services; he had diagnoses of anxiety and depression and had been prescribed medication; he had made previous suicide attempts and had long term suicidal thoughts He had been assessed by First Response Service but had been considered as not requiring urgent intervention. Safeguarding referrals about Danny were made to Cambridgeshire County Council in October 2019 and January 2020. Both referrals were closed and it was accepted that the decision to close both referrals was incorrect. In December 2019 Danny’s new GP referred him to Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT). He had been seen by the Primary Care Mental Health Services but was still awaiting assessment by the Adult Locality Team at the time of his death.
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Content ArticleThis report presents maternal mortality rates in the USA for 2020 based on data from the National Vital Statistics System. Maternal mortality rates, which are the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, are shown in this report by age group and race and Hispanic origin. In 2020, 861 women were identified as having died of maternal causes in the United States, compared with 754 in 2019. The maternal mortality rate for 2020 was 23.8 deaths per 100,000 live births compared with a rate of 20.1 in 2019. In 2020, the maternal mortality rate for non-Hispanic Black women was 55.3 deaths per 100,000 live births, 2.9 times the rate for non-Hispanic White women (19.1). Rates for non-Hispanic Black women were significantly higher than rates for non-Hispanic White and Hispanic women. The increases from 2019 to 2020 for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women were significant. The observed increase from 2019 to 2020 for non-Hispanic White women was not significant.
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Content ArticleThis report, the eighth MBRRACE-UK annual report of the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity, includes surveillance data on women who died during or up to one year after pregnancy between 2017 and 2019 in the UK. In addition, it also includes Confidential Enquiries into the care of women who died between 2017 and 2019 in the UK and Ireland from mental health-related causes, venous thromboembolism, homicide and malignancy. The report also includes a Morbidity Confidential Enquiry into the care of women who gave birth aged over 45 years. This report can be read as a single document; each chapter is also designed to be read as a standalone report as, although the whole report is relevant to maternity staff, service providers and policy-makers, there are specific clinicians and service providers for whom only single chapters are pertinent. There are seven different chapters which may be read independently, the topics covered are: 1. Surveillance of maternal deaths 2. Older maternal age (morbidity enquiry) 3. Mental health and multiple adversity 4. Malignancy 5. Venous thromboembolism.
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Content Article
Global Drug Policy Index
Steve Turner posted an article in Data and insight
The Global Drug Policy Index provides a score and ranking for each country to show how much their drug policies and their implementation align with the UN principles of human rights, health and development. It offers an important accountability and evaluation mechanism in the field of drug policy. -
Content Article
Prevention of Future Deaths report – Hannah Royle (4 October 2021)
Mark Hughes posted an article in Coroner reports
Hannah Royle was a sixteen-year-old girl on the autism spectrum. Her parents had contacted the NHS 111 service on 20 June 2020 after she became unwell with vomiting and diarrhoea, but they were not advised to go to hospital. Three hours later as her conditioned worsened they phoned again, and the call handler, who took advice from a clinical adviser, opted not to call an ambulance and instead told her parents to make their own way to hospital. She died following a cardiac arrest as she was driven to hospital by her parents. In her findings the Coroner states that the NHS 111 service failed to provide the appropriate triage for Hannah on the information provided to them by her parents. This resulted in a cardio-respiratory arrest arising from an avoidable delay in being adequately resuscitated either by prompt attendance of the emergency services or through earlier admission into hospital.
