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Showing results for tags 'Research'.
Found 957 results
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Content ArticleThis study from Gotlieb et al. looked at how well adults understand common phrases clinicians use when communicating with patients. The study surveyed 215 adults in the USA and found that participants frequently misunderstood and often assigned meaning opposite to what the clinician intended. These findings suggest that use of common medical phrases may lead to confusion among patients affecting health outcomes.
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Content ArticleThis study in the journal Health and Social Care Delivery Research aimed to assess the scale, scope and impact of changing the type and number of different healthcare practitioners in general practice in England. The authors undertook an analysis of employment trends, looked at motivations behind employment decisions, examined staff and patient experiences, and assessed how skill mix changes are associated with outcome measures and costs. They found that: employing clinicians who are not GPs did not reduce GPs’ workload or improve their job satisfaction. patients appreciated the longer appointments they had with other clinicians. patients wanted better information about what other practitioners can do, and how to use new booking systems.
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Content ArticleOn 31 January 2023, the clinical trial information system (CTIS) will become the single entry point for sponsors and regulators of clinical trials in the European Union (EU). The CTIS includes a public searchable database for healthcare professionals, patients and the public. This webpage contains information on how clinical trials are regulated in the EU, and what changes the CTIS will make to how clinical trials are registered, performed and regulated.
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Content ArticleMaternal Mortality Review Committees (MMRCs) in the US are multidisciplinary committees that convene at the state or local level to comprehensively review deaths during or within a year of pregnancy. MMRCs have access to clinical and non-clinical information to more fully understand the circumstances surrounding each death, determine whether the death was pregnancy-related, and develop recommendations for action to prevent similar deaths in the future. This article summarises the data from MMRCs in 36 US states between 2017 and 2019, demonstrating variations in prevalence and cause of death according to race, ethnicity and geographical area. The data suggests that over 80% of pregnancy-related deaths examined were determined to be preventable.
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Content ArticleReducing socioeconomic inequalities in cancer is a priority for the public health agenda. In this study, cancer-specific mortality data by socioeconomic status, as measured by educational level, were collected and harmonised across 18 countries in Europe and for multiple points in time over the period 1990–2015. The study found that everywhere in Europe, lower-educated individuals have higher mortality rates for nearly all cancer-types relative to their more highly educated counterparts, particularly for tobacco/infection-related cancers. However, the magnitude of inequalities varies greatly by country and over time, predominantly due to differences in cancer mortality among lower-educated groups, as for many cancer-types higher-educated have more similar (and lower) rates, irrespective of the country. Inequalities were generally greater in Baltic/Central/East-Europe and smaller in South-Europe, although among women large and rising inequalities were found in North-Europe. These results call for a systematic measurement, monitoring and action upon the remarkable socioeconomic inequalities in cancer existing in Europe.
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Content ArticleA survey conducted by the Commonwealth Fund has found that a majority of primary care doctors in the US and other high-income countries say they are burned out and stressed, and many feel the pandemic has negatively impacted the quality of care they provide. This article presents the survey results in the form of graphs with a commentary, and you can also download data from the survey.
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Content ArticleThis article from Reuters highlights the results of a survey of 1,002 people which was conducted in October 2022 by market research company Censuswide on behalf of recruitment website Indeed. The survey showed that more than three quarters of British people who have suffered persistent ill health following a Covid-19 infection have had to cut back or change the work they do.
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Content ArticleModern healthcare is burgeoning with patient centred rhetoric where physicians “share power” equally in their interactions with patients. However, how physicians actually conceptualise and manage their power when interacting with patients remains unexamined in the literature. This study from Laura Nimmon and Terese Stenfors-Hayes explored how power is perceived and exerted in the physician-patient encounter from the perspective of experienced physicians. Although the “sharing of power” is an overarching goal of modern patient-centred healthcare, this study highlighted how this concept does not fully capture the complex ways experienced physicians perceive, invoke, and redress power in the clinical encounter. Based on the insights, the authors suggest that physicians learn to enact ethical patient-centered therapeutic communication through reflective, effective, and professional use of power in clinical encounters.
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Content ArticleThis Canadian study in the Journal of Patient Safety describes an initiative that introduced system-wide changes to practice and patient safety culture in a rapid time frame. it looks at the implementation of a 'zero harm' approach to eliminate preventable harm across a wide variety of clinical areas. In less than a year, the intervention increased patient safety incident reporting by 37% while decreasing falls with injury by 39%, pressure injury rates by 37% and central line–associated blood stream infections by 34%.
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Content ArticleRadar Healthcare has published its 'Incident Reporting in Secondary Care' whitepaper – an in-depth analysis of reporting within secondary care and its effects on patient safety. It has taken a look into the current state of incident reporting: the good work being done, the concerns across the sector, and how we can all aim to improve the situation. The report was conducted using a panel provided by SERMO from its database of UK Nurses and includes the views from 100 nursing staff members working in hospital wards across the UK. Those surveyed work with hospital in-patients daily and are responsible for reporting safety and regulatory incidents involving patients to senior colleagues.
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Content ArticleMedications and specifically fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) are associated with increased risk of falls: reducing their prescription may improve this risk. This study from Cox et al. explored patient characteristics associated with FRID use, prevalence and type of FRIDs and changes in their prescriptions among older people with arm fractures over 6 months. The study found that more than one FRID prescription had a significantly higher number of co-morbidities and medications and higher rates of male gender, polypharmacy, frailty and sarcopenia. The most frequently prescribed FRIDs were antihypertensives, opioids and antidepressants. Use of FRIDs among older people with upper limb fragility fractures was high. Although overall use decreased over time, 59% were still on 1 or more FRID at the 6-month follow-up, with trends to stop opioids and start antidepressants. Older people presenting with upper limb fractures should be offered a structured medication review to identify FRIDs for targeted deprescribing.
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Content ArticleThis paper in the Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management addresses the issue of untested products being used on the basis of 'equivalent' products having undergone regulatory testing. Manufacturers of competing products often use each other’s evidence, arguing that the published evidence is generally applicable even if the original tests and trials were performed on only one specific product. In this study, the authors looked at prophylactic dressings for pressure injury prevention to demonstrate how patient safety may be compromised if study conclusions are projected onto unstudied products.
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News ArticleResearchers in the US have found a genetic link between people with African ancestry and the aggressive type of breast cancer. They hope their findings will encourage more black people to get involved in clinical trials in a bid to improve survival rates for people with the disease. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more common in women under 40 and disproportionately affects black women. A study published in the journal JAMA Oncology found that black women diagnosed with TNBC are 28% more likely to die from it than white women with the same diagnosis. Now a new study has confirmed a definitive genetic link between African ancestry and TNBC. Lisa Newman, of Weill Cornell Medicine, has been part of an international project studying breast cancer in women in different regions of Africa for 20 years. She says representation of women with diverse backgrounds on clinical trials is absolutely critical. "Unfortunately, African-American women are disproportionately under-represented in cancer clinical trials and we see this in the breast cancer clinical trials as well," says Dr Newman. "If you don't have diverse representation, you don't understand how to apply these advances in treatment. "Part of it is because there is some historic mistrust of the healthcare system. "We do continue to see systemic racism in the healthcare delivery system where it has been documented, tragically, that many cancer care providers are less likely to offer clinical trials to their black patients compared with their white patients."
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News ArticleResearchers are calling on five million UK adults to join what they hope will be one of the biggest studies in the world, to create the most detailed picture ever of the nation's health. The aim is it to find better ways to prevent, spot and treat illnesses like cancer and dementia early on. It will involve collecting health and genetic data and creating a long-term repository of health information. Our Future Health is part-funded by government, industry and charities. They hope to get their first set of results in the next few years. Chairman of the programme, Prof Sir John Bell, said the ambition is to use the results to fundamentally shift the focus of healthcare systems to earlier diagnosis and prevention. Invitations will go out this autumn to more than three million people in London, West Yorkshire, West Midlands and Greater Manchester. Over time it will be open to all UK adults. Volunteers will: fill in questionnaires about their lifestyles and any health problems have blood tests for measurements such as blood sugar and cholesterol have their height, weight and blood pressure measured take genetic tests consent to share their NHS records. According to the plans the information will be used in a number of different ways. Scientists will collate and combine this information and store it so that people cannot be identified, building up a bank of health and genetic data. Read full story Source: BBC News, 24 October 2022
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News Article
New research collaboration to improve patient safety
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
University College London Hospitals (UCLH) is to host to a new collaboration researching patient safety, after being awarded £3 million in funding from the National Institute for Health and Care Research. The NIHR Central London Patient Safety Research Collaboration (PSRC) aims to improve safety in Surgical, Perioperative, Acute and Critical care (SPACE) services, which treat more than 25 million NHS patients annually. Perioperative care is care given at and around the time of surgery. Amongst the highest risk clinical settings are SPACE services because of the seriousness of the patients’ conditions and the complex nature of clinical decision making. Further risks arise at the transitions of care between SPACE services and other parts of the health and social care system. The research team led by UCLH and UCL will develop and evaluate new treatments and care pathways for SPACE services. This will include new interventions such as surgical and anaesthetic techniques, and new approaches to predicting and detecting patient deterioration. They will also help the NHS become safer for patients through the development of innovative approaches to organisational learning, and to how clinical evidence is generated. The PSRC’s learning academy will support the next generation of patient safety researchers through a comprehensive programme of funding, mentoring and peer support. The team includes frontline clinicians, policy makers and world-leading academics across a range of scientific disciplines including social and data science, mechanical and software engineering. Patients and the public representing diverse backgrounds are key partners in the collaboration. Professor Moonesinghe said: “We have a great multidisciplinary, multiprofessional team ready to deliver a truly innovative programme to improve patient safety in these high-risk clinical areas. As a uniquely rich research environment, UCLH and UCL are well placed to lead this work, and we are looking forward to collaborating with clinicians and patients across the country to ensure impact for the whole population which the NHS serves.” -
News Article
Over £800 million to boost innovation, growth and improve patient safety
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
Patients up and down the country are set to benefit from innovative new treatments and improved delivery of health and care services following significant funding to support ground-breaking experimental medicine research and advance the UK’s response to patient safety challenges. £790 million to support breakthroughs in new treatments, diagnostics and medical technology to improve patients’ lives and bolster the economy. £25 million for research on patient safety to improve the safe delivery of health and care and better address health challenges, such as cancer treatment and reducing medication error. Exceeds funding commitments to boost research across all areas of the country, levelling up innovation and addressing health inequalities. The government has announced that over £800 million of funding, to be allocated by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), will go to support specialist research facilities bringing together scientists to create an environment where experimental medicine and patient safety research can thrive. This boost to the country’s research infrastructure will see further investment in scientific expertise which supports access to innovative technology and novel research projects. As well as this, it will improve regional economic growth through employment opportunities, giving private sector organisations confidence to continue to invest in research across the country. Read full story Source: GOV.UK, 14 October 2022 -
News Article
Drug shortages linked with medication errors, study results suggest
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
A French study of adverse drug reactions has a highlighted a link between drug shortages and medication error. Data from the French Pharmacovigilance Database show that medication errors were identified in 11% of the 462 cases mentioning a drug shortage. The researchers found that medication errors usually occurred at the administration step and involved a human factor. “A drug shortage may lead to a replacement of the unavailable product by an alternative,” the researchers wrote. “However, this alternative may have different packaging, labelling, dosage and sometimes a different route of administration that may increase the risk of a medication error.” Read full story (paywalled) Source: The Pharmaceutical Journal, 11 October 2022 -
News Article
Signs of dementia may be detectable nine years before diagnosis
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
Scientists have discovered that it may be possible to spot signs of dementia as early as nine years before patients receive an official diagnosis. The findings raise the possibility that, in the future, at-risk people could be screened to help select those who could benefit from interventions, or help identify patients suitable for clinical trials for new treatments. Researchers at Cambridge University published the study – funded by the Medical Research Council with support from the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre – in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association. Dr Richard Oakley, associate director of research at the Alzheimer’s Society, said the “important” findings suggested that “for some people who go on to develop Alzheimer’s disease, memory and thinking problems can begin up to nine years before they receive a diagnosis”. He added: “This opens up the possibility of screening programmes in the future to help identify people at risk and who may benefit from interventions, and identify more people suitable for clinical trials for new dementia treatments, which are both so desperately needed.” The study’s first author, Nol Swaddiwudhipong, said: “This is a step towards us being able to screen people who are at greatest risk – for example, people over 50 or those who have high blood pressure or do not do enough exercise – and intervene at an earlier stage to help them reduce their risk.” Read full story Source: The Guardian, 13 October 2022 -
News Article
Children with Down Syndrome at up to 10-fold higher risk of diabetes
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
New research led by Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) and King's College London (KCL) has shown that children with Down Syndrome (DS) are up to 10 times more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes. Although elevated rates of both type 1 diabetes and obesity in DS were already recognised, this is the first time that the incidence of these comorbidities has been mapped across the life span, in one of the biggest DS cohorts in the world. The authors concluded: "Our study shows that patients with DS are at significantly increased risk of diabetes at a younger age than the general population, with more than four times the risk in children and young adults and more than double the risk in patients aged 25–44 years." They added: "The underlying mechanisms for this increased susceptibility for diabetes in DS still need further investigation. A combination of factors, including genetic susceptibility, predisposition to auto- immunity, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and cellular dysfunction, are thought to contribute to this risk." Corresponding author Andre Strydom, professor in intellectual disabilities at KCL, said: "This is the largest study ever conducted in Down Syndrome patients to show that they have unique needs with regards to diabetes and obesity, and that screening and intervention – including a healthy diet and physical activity – at younger ages is required compared with the general population. "The results will help to inform the work of NHSE's LeDeR programme to reduce inequalities and premature mortality in people with Down Syndrome and learning disabilities." Read full story Source: Medscape UK, 5 October 2022 -
News ArticleEven mild cases of Covid-19 during pregnancy “exhaust” the placenta and damage its immune response, new research suggests. The findings, which come as coronavirus cases are again on the rise in the UK, lend weight to multiple studies over the course of the pandemic linking the virus to a rise in dangerous pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia. But the results of the study – the largest yet involving the placentas of infected women – may represent the “the tip of the iceberg” of how Covid-19 affects foetal or placental development, warned Dr Kristina Adams Waldorf, the senior author on the study, which was published last month in the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. Early in the pandemic, it was widely assumed that the coronavirus did not harm the developing foetus because so few babies were born with the infection, said Dr Adams Waldorf, a professor of obstetrics and gynaecology at the University of Washington School of Medicine. “But what we’re seeing now is that the placenta is vulnerable to Covid-19, and the infection changes the way the placenta works, and that in turn is likely to impact the development of the foetus,” explained the professor. Read full story Source: The Independent, 9 October 2022
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News Article
People with recent dementia diagnosis found to have higher suicide risk
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
People who have recently been diagnosed with dementia, or who are diagnosed with the condition at a younger age, are among those at increased risk of suicide, researchers have found. The findings have prompted calls for greater support for those experiencing such cognitive decline. While previous research has explored a potential link between dementia diagnosis and suicide risk, the results have been inconclusive, with some suggesting a raised risk and others a reduced risk. Now researchers say certain groups of people with dementia are at increased risk of suicide. “What it tells us is that period immediately after diagnosis is when people really need support from the services that provide the diagnosis,” said Dr Charles Marshall, co-author of the research and a clinical senior lecturer and honorary consultant neurologist at the Wolfson Institute of Population Health at Queen Mary University of London. In the first three months after being told they had dementia, those diagnosed before the age of 65 had an almost seven times greater risk of suicide compared with those without dementia – although this reduced somewhat over time. Marshall said it was unclear whether the findings were down to dementia itself causing people to feel suicidal, or factors such as people being concerned they may become a burden to their family. Read full story Source: The Guardian, 3 October 2022 -
News Article
Women with type 2 diabetes have 60% increased chance of early death
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
Women in the UK with type 2 diabetes have a 60% increased risk of an early death and will live five years less than the average woman in the general population, early research suggests. Scientists have also found that men with the disease have a 44% increased risk of dying prematurely and live 4.5 years less. Results also suggest that smoking shortens the life expectancy of people with type 2 diabetes by 10 years, while diagnosis at a younger age cuts life expectancy by over eight years. The findings, presented at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes in Stockholm, Sweden, are based on a cohort of nearly 12,000 patients at the Salford Royal Hospital in Salford. “A woman with type 2 diabetes, for example, might live five years less than the average woman in the general population, while someone diagnosed at a younger age might lose eight years of life expectancy. “It is vital that the groups at the highest risk are made aware of not just the increased risk that they face but also the size of the risk." “Doing so may make the health advice they are given seem more relevant and so help them make changes that can improve their quality – and length – of life.” Read full story Source: The Independent, 21 September 2022 -
News Article
Britons of black and south Asian origin with dementia die younger, study finds
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
Britons of black and south Asian origin with dementia die younger and sooner after being diagnosed than white people, research has found. South Asian people die 2.97 years younger and black people 2.66 years younger than their white counterparts, according to a study by academics from University College London and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. A team led by Dr Naaheed Mukadam, from UCL’s division of psychiatry, reached their conclusions after studying health records covering the 21 years between 1997 and 2018 of 662,882 people across the UK who were aged over 65. They found that: Dementia rates have increased across all ethnic groups. Black people are 22% more likely to get dementia than their white peers. Dementia is 17% less common among those of south Asian background. But they have voiced concern about also discovering that south Asian and black people are diagnosed younger, survive for less time and die younger than white people. “The earlier age of dementia diagnosis in people of black and south Asian [origin] … may be related to the higher prevalence of some risk factors for dementia such as, in older south Asians, fewer years of education, and in both groups hypertension [high blood pressure], diabetes and obesity,” they write in their paper, published in the medical journal Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Read full story Source: The Guardian, 18 September 2022 -
Content ArticlePhysicians raised a concern to the Quality Department about patients who were diagnosed in the emergency department (ED) with a urinary tract infection (UTI) but who later were clinically reviewed and found to be without disease. These patients were often admitted and treated with potentially unnecessary antibiotics.
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Content ArticleSafety culture, in formal social-scientific terms, is an object of knowledge. As such, it is part of a larger discursive practice of accident prevention, together with other objects like technical failure and human error. This study examines safety culture as an object in the discourse of accident prevention based on the Foucauldian approach.
