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Content ArticleMedication nonadherence - when patients don’t take their medications as prescribed - is unfortunately fairly common, with research showing that patients don’t take their medications as prescribed about half the time. The phenomenon has added consequences for patients with chronic disease. When this is the case, it is important for physicians and other health professionals to understand why patients don’t take their medications. This will help teams identify and improve patients’ adherence to their medications. This article by AMA, highlights eight reasons why patients don't take their medications.
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Content ArticlePatients often have multiple providers involved in their care. On the one hand, patients are able to receive specialty care to help manage multiple, complex medical conditions. On the other hand, such fragmentation in care may lead to medication errors from inaccurate or incomplete patient medication lists. As stewards of their patients' care, it is essential that primary care providers take steps to review and reconcile each patient's medication list to avoid errors or adverse drug events, and organisational leaders must ensure that systems are in place to support these efforts.
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This blog provides an overview of a Patient Safety Management Network (PSMN) meeting discussion on 9 June 2023. At this meeting, members of the Network were joined by Dr Henrietta Hughes, Patient Safety Commissioner for England. The PSMN is an informal voluntary network for patient safety professionals in England. Created by and for patient safety managers, it provides a weekly drop-in session with guests to talk through issues of importance to patient safety managers, providing information, peer support and safe space for discussion. Find out about the network. -
Content ArticleThe extent to which postintensive care unit (ICU) clinics may improve patient safety for those discharged after receiving intensive care remains unclear. This observational cohort study from Karlick et al., conducted at an academic, tertiary care medical centre, used qualitative survey data analysed via conventional content analysis to describe patient safety threats encountered in the post-ICU clinic. For 83 included patients, safety threats were identified for 60 patients resulting in 96 separate safety threats. These were categorised into 7 themes: medication errors (27%); inadequate medical follow-up (25%); inadequate patient support (16%); high-risk behaviours (5%); medical complications (5%); equipment/supplies failures (4%); and other (18%). Of the 96 safety threats, 41% were preventable, 27% ameliorable, and 32% were neither preventable nor ameliorable. Nearly 3 out of 4 patients within a post-ICU clinic had an identifiable safety threat. Medication errors and delayed medical follow-up were the most common safety threats identified; most were either preventable or ameliorable.
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Content ArticleAn evidence review into the scale of the prescribed drug dependence and withdrawal problem in England published by Public Health England (PHE) in 2019 called for support for patients experiencing withdrawal symptoms, including a national 24 hour helpline and associated website. These calls have since been echoed in a recent BBC Panorama episode and other media accounts, but despite the evidence reviews, media interest and public awareness, nothing has changed. This open letter to the Government published in the BMJ calls for specialist NHS services to support patients harmed by taking prescription medications. Signed by healthcare professionals, it highlights that there are still almost no NHS services to support patients who have been harmed by taking medicines as prescribed by their doctor, such as antidepressants and benzodiazepines. The signatories believe that the NHS has a clinical and moral obligation to help those who have been harmed by taking their medication as prescribed, and are urgently calling upon the UK Government to fund and implement withdrawal support services.
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Content ArticleDehydration can be a significant risk to people taking certain medicines. These Sick Day Rules cards aid patients in understanding the medicines they should stop taking temporarily during illness which can result in dehydration, such as vomiting, diarrhoea and fever. They are intended for use as a tool to support conversations between healthcare professionals and patients about their medicines and dehydration.
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Content ArticleThis stocktake by NHS Confederation highlights insights from medicines optimisation forums on the experience of ICS medicines optimisation so far: the opportunities that exist, the barriers experienced, the support that is needed, and what the vision for medicines optimisation could achieve.
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Content ArticleMr Stevenson was a 63-year-old man who was a very respected and experienced Consultant Cardiologist and General Physician at Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, who resigned from his post in May 2022 to enter full retirement. On 6 May 2022 he was referred to the urology department for the investigation of possible prostate cancer, when a decision was also made to consult a private Consultant Urologist. In order to relieve his symptoms of prostatitis and to make him ready for an investigative biopsy, he was prescribed ciprofloxacin on the 19 May. He had no previous history of depression or mental health problems. Subsequently on the morning of 30 May 2022, Mr Stevenson left his home address on his own for his usual walk. He had not previously given any indications to his family for them to be concerned for him. At approximately 12.30pm his wife received a Facebook message from Mr Stevenson to indicate that he had left a note under the pillow of his bed. The note was found to be uncharacteristically confused and illogical given his reference to his baseless concerns that he may have developed AIDs after taking a HIV tester kit he had previously bought on line. Mr Stevenson was found hanging nearby. Upon the arrival of the paramedics, although resuscitative attempts were made, it was confirmed that he had passed away. During the inquest the coroner was referred by Mr Stevenson’s treating urologist to published literature relating to ciprofloxacin and quinolone antibiotics and a potential rare link to suicide behaviour in patients; although it remained unclear that he was suffering from this side effect, it remained possible for this to be the case.
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Content ArticleThe widespread adoption of effective hybrid closed loop systems would benefit people living with type 1 diabetes by improving the amount of time spent within target blood glucose range. Hybrid closed loop systems (also known as 'artificial pancreas' typically utilise simple control algorithms to select the best insulin dose for maintaining blood glucose levels within a healthy range. Online reinforcement learning has been utilised as a method for further enhancing glucose control in these devices. Previous approaches have been shown to reduce patient risk and improve time spent in the target range when compared to classical control algorithms, but are prone to instability in the learning process, often resulting in the selection of unsafe actions. This study in the Journal of Biomedical Informatics presents an evaluation of offline reinforcement learning for developing effective dosing policies without the need for potentially dangerous patient interaction during training.
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Content ArticleMedication error may occur for a variety of reasons. One of the most common sources of medication error is related to look-alike and sound-alike (LASA) drugs as well as the often-similar appearances of the vials. LASA medications are typically thought of as medications that are similar in physical appearance related to packaging as well as medications whose names are similar in spelling or in the phonetic pronunciation. Tricia A. Meyer looks at cases of LASA drugs and prevention techniques. She concludes that healthcare professionals, safety groups, and professional organisations should continue to work with manufacturers, regulators, and naming entities to explore opportunities to minimise the LASA risks for drugs that are either new to the market or in the pre-marketing stage. Further information on the hub Take a look at our Error traps gallery on the hub
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Content ArticleTwo information technology (IT)-based interventions, which aim to improve prescribing safety in primary care, have been rolled out across England over the past few years. Researchers identified five strategies which could help ensure that the systems continue to have an impact over the longer term. The first system (computerised decision support, or CDS) raises a warning when a clinician is about to prescribe a medicine that could increase a patient’s risk of harm. The second method (PINCER) is led by pharmacists; it searches people’s medical notes to identify potential errors that have already happened. Pharmacists, GPs and other clinicians work together to investigate and correct any errors. The research team examined documents, interviewed relevant professionals and carried out workshops which also involved members of the public. They identified strategies that could help ensure that these systems have an ongoing impact in primary care.
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Content ArticleMedicines can be purchased online from anywhere in the world. In 2021, nearly 53 million items were dispensed from online pharmacies in England, up 300% since 2016. In this blog, Dr Georgia Richards outlines the need for caution when buying medicines online, highlighting that online purchase of medications was cited in 16 Prevention of Future Deaths (PFD) reports between 2013 and 2019. She highlights coroners concerns concerns about: the ease of obtaining drugs via the Internet without any contact with the patient’s medical practitioner or access to the patient’s records. the inability to limit the volume or the frequency of ordering. issues with the regulation of supply, importation and delivery of controlled class A drugs via the international and UK postal system. lack of regulation of the dark web.
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Content ArticlePharmacovigilance is the observation and monitoring of possible harms from exposure to a variety of pharmaceuticals, biologics and devices. In this blog, Professor of Evidence-based Medicine Carl Heneghan and Clinical Epidemiologist Tom Jefferson talk about a recent attempt to obtain data on the incidence of deaths following Covid-19 vaccination from the Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) through a Freedom of Information request. They describe how the MHRA initially said they were unable to provide the information as it would cost too much to extract, and after sending a follow up request to the MHRA's Chief Safety Officer, they have not heard anything further after an initial promise to investigate. They argue that the MHRA is failing the public by failing to investigate the side effects of Covid vaccines using information from Yellow Card reports. This blog is paywalled once you have read a certain number of articles each month.
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Content ArticleThe MHRA has been made aware that falsified medical oxygen has been provided to several dental practices across the UK.
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Content ArticleThis article highlights three questions tabled in the House of Commons relating to the Yellow Card Scheme, the system for recording adverse incidents with medicines and medical devices in the UK.
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Content ArticleProbiotics are used for both generally healthy consumers and in clinical settings, but there have been adverse events as a result of their consumption. Concise and actionable recommendations on how to use probiotics safely and effectively are therefore needed, especially as increasing numbers of new strains and products come to market, and probiotic use increases in vulnerable populations. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics convened a meeting to discuss and produce evidence-based recommendations on potential acute and long-term risks, risks to vulnerable populations, the importance for probiotic product quality to match the needs of vulnerable populations and the need for adverse event reporting related to probiotic use. This paper presents these recommendations to guide the scientific and medical community on judging probiotic safety.
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Content ArticleEngland is the only country in the UK to still charge patients for prescriptions, with charges having been abolished in Wales and Scotland in 2007 and 2011, respectively. However, for patients in England, the cost is rising; in March 2023, the government announced an inflationary increase of 3.21%, bringing the prescription charge up to £9.65. And the number of people eligible to pay could increase, following government proposals to raise the upper age exemption for free prescriptions from 60 to 65 years. This article looks at the impact of prescription charges on health inequalities, particularly focusing on the impact of the cost of living crisis. The reporter speaks to pharmacists who regularly see patients making difficult choices about which prescriptions to collect, as well as highlighting research that suggests many patients with long term conditions are forgoing their medications as they cannot afford them.
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Content Article
NICE decision aid: Should I take a statin?
Patient Safety Learning posted an article in Heart conditions
This decision aid from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) can help you if you are thinking about taking a statin. It is for people who do not already have heart disease and have not had a stroke. You can use it to help you to talk about your options with your healthcare professional (such as your doctor, pharmacist or nurse). -
Content ArticleTo support patients to understand the risks of taking sodium valproate during pregnancy, NHS England has launched two new shared decision-making tools. This is part of an NHS-wide effort to reduce the use of valproate in people who can get pregnant, and to help those that do continue with valproate to prevent pregnancies.
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Content ArticlePharmaswiss Česka republika s.r.o. and distributor Bausch & Lomb UK Limited is recalling all unexpired batches of Emerade 500 micrograms and Emerade 300 micrograms adrenaline auto-injectors (also referred to as pens) from patients. This is due to an issue identified during an ISO 11608 Design Assessment study where some auto-injectors failed to deliver the product or activated prematurely. Specifically, the 1-metre free-fall (vertical orientation) pre-conditioning resulted in damage to internal components of the auto-injector, leading either to failure to deliver the product or premature activation. This damage was not visibly apparent following the pre-conditioning but was evident only on subsequent functional testing. It is unclear what impact this has on auto-injectors in clinical use, however as a precautionary measure and owing to the inability to identify this issue before the auto-injectors are used, the auto-injectors are being recalled. Healthcare professionals should inform patients, or carers of patients, who carry Emerade 300 or 500 microgram auto-injector pens to obtain a prescription for and be supplied with an alternative brand. They should then be informed to return their Emerade 300 or 500 microgram pens to their local pharmacy.
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Content ArticleThis recent cohort study, published in Evidence Based Medicine, investigated ‘the risk of transitioning from acute to prolonged use’ of opioid analgesics in patients undergoing elective surgery. Patients given tramadol or long-acting opioids after discharge were at greater risk of prolonged opioid use than those who were given other short-acting opioids.
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Content ArticleThe opioid crisis in the United States (US) is one of the most high-profile public health scandals of the 21st century with millions of people unknowingly becoming dependent on opioids. The United Kingdom (UK) had the world’s highest rate of opioid consumption in 2019, and opiate-related drug poisoning deaths have increased by 388% since 1993 in England and Wales. This article, published in the British Journal of Pain, explores the epidemiological definitions of public health emergencies and epidemics in the context of opioid use, misuse, and mortality in England, to establish whether England is facing an opioid crisis.
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Content ArticleMany AI models are being developed and applied to understand opioid use. However, authors of this paper, published in BMJ Innovations, found there is a need for these AI technologies to be externally validated and robustly evaluated to determine whether they can improve the use and safety of opioids.
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Content ArticleCoroners inquire into sudden, unexpected, or unnatural deaths. We have previously established 99 cases (100 deaths) in England and Wales in which medicines or part of the medication process or both were mentioned in coroners’ ‘Regulation 28 Reports to Prevent Future Deaths’ (coroners’ reports). Authors of this paper, published in Drug Safety, aimed to see what responses were made by National Health Service (NHS) organisations and others to these 99 coroners’ reports.
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Content ArticleDeaths from opioids have increased in England and Wales, despite recognition of their harms. Coroners’ Prevention of Future Death reports (PFDs) provide important insights that may enable safer use and avert harms, yet these reports involving opioids have not been synthesised. Authors of this commentary, published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, therefore aimed to identify opioid-related PFDs and explore concerns expressed by coroners to prevent future deaths.
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