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Content ArticleThis study in the journal Acta Neuropathologica Communications examined neuropathological findings of patients who died following hospitalisation in an intensive care unit with Covid-19. The researchers conducted brain autopsy on 20 people who had died, followed by ex-vivo imaging and dissection. They found that acute tissue injuries and microglial activation were the most common abnormalities discovered in Covid-19 brains. They also found evidence of encephalitis-like changes despite the lack of detectable virus. The majority of older subjects showed age-related brain conditions even in the absence of known neurologic disease. The findings of this study suggest that acute brain injury alongside common pre-existing brain disease may put older subjects at higher risk of post-Covid neurological issues.
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Content ArticleThis article in Science News looks at the impact of the growing global burden of Long Covid during 2022. It describes "a tidal wave of people with lingering symptoms—some mild, some profoundly disabling" which has commanded the attention of researchers and doctors, who are still looking for answers on how to diagnose and treat Long Covid. The article also highlights risk factors, symptoms and the need to focus on people whose lives are most severely restricted by the condition.
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Content ArticleThis study in eClinicalMedicine aimed to bring together the global evidence on the prevalence of persistent symptoms in people who had experienced Covid-19 infection. The authors found, across the 194 studies included in the systematic review, that 45% of Covid-19 survivors, regardless of hospitalisation status, were experiencing a range of unresolved symptoms at around four months after infection. The authors state that current understanding is limited by heterogeneous study design, follow-up durations and measurement methods, and highlight that definition of subtypes of Long Covid is unclear, which hampers effective treatment and management strategies.
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News Article
Long Covid: What's changed, and what we know now
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
More than two million people in the UK say they have symptoms of Long Covid, according to the latest Office for National Statistics (ONS) survey. Many long Covid patients now report Omicron was their first infection. But almost three years into the pandemic there is still a struggle to be seen by specialist clinics, which are hampered by a lack of resources and research. So has the condition changed at all, and have treatments started to progress? NICE defines Llong Covid, or post-Covid syndrome, as symptoms during or after infection that continue for more than 12 weeks and are not explained by an alternative diagnosis. An estimated 1.2m of those who answered the ONS survey reported at least one such symptom continuing for more than 12 weeks - health issues that they didn't think could be explained by anything else. It's easy to assume that new cases of long Covid have significantly decreased, given recent research suggesting the risk of developing long Covid from the Omicron variant is lower. However, the sheer scale of cases over the past year has resulted in more than a third of people with long Covid acquiring it during the Omicron wave, according to the ONS. Patients are usually referred to post-Covid assessment clinics after experiencing symptoms for 12 weeks - however, waiting times have not improved much within the past year. The latest NHS England figures show 33% of Londoners given an initial assessment had to wait 15 weeks or more from the time of their referral, compared to 39% from a similar period in 2021. The British Medical Association (BMA) has called on the government to increase funding for Long Covid clinics to deal with ever-increasing patient numbers. The BMA says that NHS England's 2022 strategy set out in July failed to announce any new funding. Read full story Source: BBC News, 18 November 2022 -
Content Article
Long Covid by Geraint Jones
Patient Safety Learning posted an article in Patient recovery
Geraint Jones, a healthcare worker at a hospital in Wales, shares his experiences of Long Covid. Geraint tested positive for COVID-19 in April 2020, whilst working on the COVID-positive wards in a district general hospital. This long-lasting illness is still little understood, but new research is uncovering some of the recurring symptoms that many patients experience and suggesting better options for treatment for adults and children. -
News Article
Children at similar risk for Long Covid as adults, study suggests
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
A large study today from Germany shows that children and adolescents are at the same relative risk of experiencing COVID-19 symptoms 90 days or more after acute infection as adults are, according to findings in PLOS Medicine. Though kids and adolescents have far fewer deaths or severe outcomes from COVID-19 infections compared to adults, little is known about Long or post-Covid symptoms in this age-group, or symptoms that persist for more than 12 weeks after acute infection. Researchers from the Technical University of Dresden, Germany, used data from half of the German population to determine that kids and adults have the same relative risk of experiencing post-Covid symptoms at 90 days following infection. Martin Roessler, the lead author of the study, said there were significant symptom overlap among kids and adults who experienced symptoms 90 days or more after acute infection. "We found 5 identical outcomes among the 10 outcomes with the highest relative risk among children/adolescents and adults. These symptoms are cough, fever, headache, malaise/fatigue/exhaustion, throat or chest pain," he told CIDRAP News. Other symptoms were more commonly seen in adults, but not kids. Those included a loss of taste or smell, fever, and shortness of breath. Daniel Blatt, MD, a pediatric infectious disease physician at the post-COVID clinic at Norton Children's Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky, said he was not surprised by the study's findings. "It's unclear if Long Covid is the same in children and adults, in terms of pathophysiology, but it's just as real," he said. Blatt, who was not involved in the study, said his clinic also collects data on children and Long Covid. He said the most common symptoms reported in his patients are fatigue, anxiety, and "brain fog," followed by some shortness of breath or muscle pain. "The good news is kids tend to get better, regardless of what intervention is needed," Blatt said. As in adult Long Covid, there's no one-size-fits-all approach for pediatric Long Covid patients. "Some need reassurance; some need a graduated exercise program." Read full story Source: CIDRAP, 10 November 2022 -
Content ArticleThe aim of this study was to measure the impact of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) on quality of life, mental health, ability to work and return to baseline health in an Irish cohort. It found that patients with PASC reported prolonged, multi-system symptoms which can significantly impact quality of life, affect ability to work and cause significant disability. Dedicated multidisciplinary, cross specialty supports are required to improve outcomes of this patient group.
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News Article
Long Covid impact in Ireland highlighted in report
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
Almost 90% of those living with Long Covid in Ireland have not returned to their pre-Covid level of health, according to a new report. The study of 988 participants was carried out by APC Microbiome Ireland, a research centre based at University College Cork (UCC), in conjunction with Cork University Hospital and Long Covid Advocacy Ireland. It found that more than two-thirds of participants in the study continued to experience fatigue, memory problems, chest pain, stomach upset, and muscle pain. Those surveyed also reported that they were suffering from new symptoms that had not been present before catching Covid. These included tinnitus (38%), mouth ulcers (28%), new allergies (16%) and sexual dysfunction (13%). They said these prolonged symptoms can significantly impact their quality of life, affect their ability to work and cause significant disability. Read full story Source: BBC News, 7 November 2022 Further reading and resources can be found in our dedicated area of the hub on Long Covid. -
Content Article
HypoBaby blog - The beginning… Diagnosis (20 August 2018)
Patient-Safety-Learning posted an article in Diabetes
The HypoBaby blog is written by the parents of Noah, a young boy who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes as a baby. In this post, they describe Noah's diagnosis and why it took so long to work out that it was diabetes causing his symptoms. Noah ended up in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and needed emergency treatment. They highlight the importance of being aware of the symptoms of type 1 diabetes, stating that if they had been aware of the symptoms, he may have been diagnosed sooner. -
Content ArticleEmer Joyce is a Cardiologist at Mater University Hospital in Dublin who developed myocarditis as a result of a Covid-19 infection. This article by Professor Joyce in the European Journal of Heart Failure aims to "give a birds-eye view of the physician as patient, the sub-specialist as sub-specialist condition sufferer, the one on the far side of the bed as the one in the bed." She also looks at the pattern of previously healthy, highly active healthcare professionals developing serious long-term health issues as a result of Covid-19.
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Content ArticleHealthcare professionals share their experiences of Long Covid with the Guardian.
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Content ArticleThis video by Joyce Harper, Professor of Reproductive Science at the Institute for Women's Health at University College London, highlights short-term and long-term menopause symptoms, outlines their causes and suggests ways that women can deal with them. Her key message is that everyone should understand these symptoms and anyone suffering should go to see their health professional—no one should have to put up with symptoms that affect their life.
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Content Article
Pausitivity - Know your menopause poster
Patient-Safety-Learning posted an article in Women's health
This simple poster highlights the main symptoms of the menopause including hot flushes. headaches, mood swings, palpitations and tiredness. It encourages women to recognise the symptoms and seek help from their GP. -
Content ArticleLong Covid is now estimated to affect 2 million people in the UK, and almost 145 million globally. It’s a complicated diagnosis to receive and those affected have to cope with both the physical symptoms and the psychological strain of having an illness that is not yet well understood and does not have well-established treatments. Three Long Covid patients share with the Guardian on how they navigated this journey.
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Content ArticleThis article in The Atlantic by Adam Gaffney, a doctor who works in both primary and secondary care, looks at the difficulty of defining and estimating the number of people living with Long Covid. The condition presents in a variety of different ways in people who were hospitalised with Covid-19, as well as people who had mild illness. He argues that incomplete and limited perspectives on what Long Covid is or isn’t, limits people's understanding of who is suffering and why, and of what we can do to improve the lives of people with the condition. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms involved in varied presentations of Long Covid.
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News Article
Signs of dementia may be detectable nine years before diagnosis
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
Scientists have discovered that it may be possible to spot signs of dementia as early as nine years before patients receive an official diagnosis. The findings raise the possibility that, in the future, at-risk people could be screened to help select those who could benefit from interventions, or help identify patients suitable for clinical trials for new treatments. Researchers at Cambridge University published the study – funded by the Medical Research Council with support from the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre – in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association. Dr Richard Oakley, associate director of research at the Alzheimer’s Society, said the “important” findings suggested that “for some people who go on to develop Alzheimer’s disease, memory and thinking problems can begin up to nine years before they receive a diagnosis”. He added: “This opens up the possibility of screening programmes in the future to help identify people at risk and who may benefit from interventions, and identify more people suitable for clinical trials for new dementia treatments, which are both so desperately needed.” The study’s first author, Nol Swaddiwudhipong, said: “This is a step towards us being able to screen people who are at greatest risk – for example, people over 50 or those who have high blood pressure or do not do enough exercise – and intervene at an earlier stage to help them reduce their risk.” Read full story Source: The Guardian, 13 October 2022 -
News ArticleLong Covid clinics across Australia are being inundated with requests for assessments from patients struggling with ongoing symptoms, an inquiry has heard. Doctors told the federal parliamentary inquiry into long and repeated coronavirus infections that they were struggling to keep up with demand as waitlists increased. At least 10 million Australians have been infected with Covid and it is estimated 3-5% will develop Long Covid at some point. “Our waitlist is increasing because what we’ve observed is that it can take some time for the recognition of post-Covid conditions, particularly with the fatigue-predominant types, to reach us,” Royal Children’s hospital Associate Prof Shidan Tosif told the inquiry on Wednesday. Patients are usually referred to specialist clinics through a GP and while there is no official cure, symptoms can sometimes be treated on a case-by-case basis. The inquiry by the House of Representatives health committee is investigating the economic, social, educational and health impacts of long Covid and repeat infections. Read full story Source: The Guardian, 12 October 2022
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Content ArticleThis short video talks about the importance of recognising the signs and symptoms of head and neck cancer at the earliest opportunity, and describes actions which can be taken to support earlier diagnosis. Although aimed at pharmacists, it provides useful information for all patients and healthcare professionals on symptoms that might indicate head and neck cancer.
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Content ArticleAt the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, demand on the NHS 111 system exceeded capacity and only around half of calls were answered during that time. This investigation by the Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch (HSIB) aimed to support improvements in the delivery of NHS 111 and other telephone triage services during a national healthcare emergency. HSIB first identified a potential safety risk associated with NHS 111’s response to callers with Covid-19-related symptoms when concerns were raised through HSIB’s Citizens’ Partnership. The national investigation aimed to understand: the set-up, design and delivery of the Covid-19 telephone triage service accessed by the public by dialling 111 in response to the pandemic. the context and contributory factors influencing the pathway for patients calling NHS 111 with Covid-19-related symptoms. The investigation used four real patient safety incidents involving patients and their families who dialled NHS 111 for advice during the Covid-19 pandemic. All four patients in these reference events—Vincenzo, Ali, Patrick and Dr C—died of Covid-19 having been advised by NHS 111 to stay at home.
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News Article
Women's symptoms ignored by GPs
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
Too many women feel fobbed off or not listened to when they raise concerns about their health, according to a women's health campaign group. The Women's Health Wales coalition says women are often misdiagnosed or have to push for a diagnosis. The theme has emerged repeatedly during BBC Wales interviews with women. The Welsh government said it had set out what's expected of the NHS on women's health, and a full plan is due to be published this autumn. "From the moment I went to my GP about my symptoms in my late teens, I have always felt dismissed," said Jessica Ricketts, 35, who was diagnosed with endometriosis. But the feeling of being fobbed off has cropped up in countless conversations with women whether it be in relation to a heart attack, UTI, stroke, autism or even brain tumour. Patients have told us that clinicians thought they were having a panic attack rather than a heart attack," said Gemma Roberts, policy and public affairs manager at British Heart Foundation Cymru, and co-chair of the Women's Health Wales coalition. "We hear from patients and from clinicians that women have to see their GPs multiple times before they get a diagnosis. Women often aren't listened to. "They are told that pain is a normal part of the female experience but actually that isn't the case. I think we need to be listening to women more about what's going on with their own bodies." The coalition wants: Greater focus on women's health from the very beginning of medical training. Health data to be broken down by protected characteristics because "the stories of women with those backgrounds goes untold". Equitable access to healthcare, including specialist care, regardless of where women live in Wales. Read full story Source: BBC News, 28 September 2022 Related blogs on the hub ‘Women are being dismissed, disbelieved and shut out’ The normalisation of women’s pain Gender bias: A threat to women’s health -
Content ArticleOnly 1 in 3 people were fully recovered from COVID-19 a year after they left hospital. Being female, having obesity or being on a ventilator were each linked with ongoing symptoms, months after people were discharged (Long-COVID). Nearly 1 million people in the UK have so far been admitted to hospital because of COVID-19. The long-term effects of the infection in this group are only just coming to light. Researchers explored the impact of being hospitalised for COVID-19 on people’s mental and physical health, and on their employment. They looked at characteristics such as age and sex to see which were associated with worse recovery. They also assessed whether inflammation in the blood may be a potential target for treatment. This study described, for the first time, four different patterns of COVID-19 recovery. It found, for example, that some people with long-COVID had higher levels of inflammation. The researchers say that targeting treatment to specific clinical problems, such as treating inflammation in people with higher levels of inflammation, are promising approaches to aid recovery.
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Content ArticleThis article in the Daily Mail looks at the link between mild Covid infection, heart disease and other circulatory issues. The article describes the experience of TV doctor Xand van Tulleken, who suffered from recurrent atrial fibrillation after catching Covid-19 in March 2020. It then looks at the cardiovascular symptoms being reported by people with Long Covid, and highlights different research studies around the world which are establishing a link between Covid infection and cardiovascular problems.
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Content ArticleOn 25 March 2020, Hannah Davis was texting with two friends when she realized that she couldn’t understand one of their messages. In hindsight, that was the first sign that she had COVID-19. It was also her first experience with the phenomenon known as “brain fog,” and the moment when her old life contracted into her current one. She once worked in artificial intelligence and analysed complex systems without hesitation, but now “runs into a mental wall” when faced with tasks as simple as filling out forms. Her memory, once vivid, feels frayed and fleeting. Former mundanities—buying food, making meals, cleaning up—can be agonisingly difficult. For more than 900 days, while other long-COVID symptoms have waxed and waned, her brain fog has never really lifted.
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Content ArticleUnderstanding myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome—an elusive condition that often follows an infection and shares many similarities with Long Covid—could improve Long COVID19 research, argues a new Science Perspective.
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Content ArticleThis video series by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare aims to promote sepsis awareness among healthcare professionals and the wider community. The three videos were created as part of the Australian National Sepsis Awareness Campaign. The videos provide key information about: sepsis signs and symptoms. potential health problems after sepsis. simple ways to reduce the risk of sepsis. timely recognition and management of sepsis across healthcare settings.
