Artificial intelligence is reshaping health systems: state of readiness across the WHO European Region (WHO, 19 November 2025)

Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming health systems, reshaping how care is planned, delivered and governed. This report presents the first assessment of AI integration into health systems across the whole of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region, based on findings from the 2024–2025 survey on AI for health care. It examines national strategies, governance models, legal and ethical frameworks, workforce readiness, data governance, stakeholder engagement, private sector roles and the uptake of AI applications. Drawing on insights from 50 Member States, the report explores how countries are navigating opportunities and challenges, highlighting emerging trends, gaps and practices to guide policy-makers towards coherent, ethical and people-centred approaches to AI in health care.

Content

The report’s key findings are organized into six sections, corresponding to the survey's themes:

• the navigators: steering AI strategy and oversight for health systems
• the change-makers: stakeholder engagement and workforce development
• the guardrails: legal, policy and guideline structures for AI in health
• the backbone: health data governance for trustworthy AI
• the catalysts: leveraging AI for health requirements
• the gatekeepers: tackling adoption barriers