BMJ - Diagnosing prostate cancer in asymptomatic patients (31 May 2022)

Summary

This article in The BMJ examines the risks and benefits of current prostate cancer screening methods in the UK. It highlights issues that prevent early diagnosis including great variation in how prostate cancers behave and the poor performance of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing in identifying disease that requires treatment. As a result of the limited benefits of screening for prostate cancer, routine screening is not recommended by the UK’s National Screening Committee or the US Preventive Service Task Force.

The authors highlight that a bid by NHS England to find an estimated 14,000 men who have not yet started treatment for prostate cancer due to the pandemic, seems to contradict this recommendation. The NHS campaign warns that people shouldn’t wait for symptoms and encourages men to use a risk checker which informs patients of risk factors including family history, age and ethnicity. The authors express concern that the campaign implies there is great benefit in detecting asymptomatic disease, which could lead people to believe that the NHS is promoting screening. They argue that the NHS needs to be clearer and more consistent in its messaging, making sure that information aimed at the public emphasises that although PSA testing is available on request for men older than 50, it is not currently recommended, and why.