AI assesses Dutch mammograms better than radiologists

AI is detecting tumours more often and earlier in the Dutch breast cancer screening program. Those tumours can then be treated at an earlier stage. This has been demonstrated by researchers led by Radboud university medical centre in a study published in The Lancet Digital Health. The use of AI could reduce workload and save millions of euros annually.

Previous research in Sweden had already shown that AI detects breast cancer on mammograms more frequently than radiologists. Moreover, AI can reduce the workload for radiologists. Now, it appears that AI can also replace the second radiologist in the Dutch breast cancer screening programme. This even leads to the detection of more tumours - and at an earlier stage - which later turn out to be clinically significant.

Researchers, led by breast radiologist Ritse Mann of Radboudumc, analyzed 42,000 breast scans. These mammograms were taken as part of the Dutch screening program in the Utrecht region. Traditionally, two radiologists review these scans, as is standard practice in breast cancer screening. In this study, the researchers also evaluated the scans using AI developed by ScreenPoint Medical. Additionally, they followed the women whose scans were analysed for nearly four and a half years, with multiple scans available for many of them.

The study showed that one radiologist working with AI detects more tumours than two radiologists alone. Tumours are also identified earlier when AI is involved. "Sometimes the AI detects a tumour that the radiologists don’t yet recognize as such. We call this a false positive. But often that tumour appears in a later scan after all. Therefore the AI was right earlier," PhD candidate Suzanne van Winkel explains. "By the time the radiologist raises the alarm, it often concerns larger invasive tumours, which definitely need treatment, as early as possible."

In Sweden, AI is already being used to analyse screening mammograms. "They replace the second radiologist with AI. Only if the AI is uncertain does a second radiologist step in," Mann explains. "We see that radiologists work well with AI, which leads to more tumors being detected without a significant increase in unnecessary follow-up checks for women."

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Source: Digital Health News, 15 August 2025