Search the hub

The national Perinatal Mortality Review Tool (PMRT) was developed with clinicians and bereaved parents in 2017 and launched in England, Wales and Scotland in early 2018; it was subsequently adopted in Northern Ireland in autumn 2019. The aim of the PMRT programme is to support standardised perinatal mortality reviews across NHS maternity and neonatal units. Unlike other reviews or investigation processes, the PMRT makes it possible to review every baby death after 22 weeks’ gestation, and not just a subset of deaths. This report presents data from the 3,981 reviews which were completed between March 2020 and February 2021.

This article by Penny Campling for the Royal College of Psychiatrists suggests that cultivating a culture of 'intelligent kindness' within the NHS will result in more safe and humane care. The author proposes a 'virtuous circle of compassionate care' and highlights systemic barriers that prevent organisations achieving this ideal. She argues that to create this virtuous circle, healthcare professionals need to acknowledge - and consciously work against - structures that undermine kindness. This requires a greater understanding the emotional impact of healthcare work, an acknowledgement that market culture undermines compassionate care and a renewed focus on relationships between professionals.

This cross-sectional survey in the British Journal of General Practice looks at the availability and use of emergency admission risk stratification (EARS) tools across the UK and aims to identify factors that influence their implementation. The authors identified 39 different EARS tools in use. They found that the most important factors in encouraging general practices to use EARS tools were: promotion by NHS commissioners involvement of clinical leaders engagement of practice managers. High workloads and information governance were significant barriers to their use. The authors highlight the need to align policy and practice with research evidence.

This study in BMJ Open considers how the usefulness of internal whistleblowing is affected by other institutional processes in healthcare organisations. The authors examine how the effectiveness of formal inquiries (in response to employees raising concerns) affects the utility of whistleblowing. The study used computer simulations to test the utility of several whistleblowing policies in a variety of organisational contexts. This study found that: organisational inefficiencies can have a negative impact on the benefits of speaking up about poor patient care where resources are limited and reviews less efficient, it can actually improve patient care if whistleblowing rates are limited including 'softer' mechanisms for reporting concerns (for example, peer to peer conversation) alongside whistleblowing policies, can overcome these organisational limitations.

This article in Age & Ageing describes a quality improvement project at Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust (LTHT) that aimed to achieve timely Parkinson’s disease medication administration.

Clinical guidelines advise GPs in England which patients need urgent referral for suspected cancer. This study in BMJ Quality & Safety used linked primary care, secondary care and cancer registration data to assess: how often GPs follow the guidelines on cancer referral whether certain patients are less likely to be referred how many patients were diagnosed with cancer within one year of non-referral. The study included patients who presented for the first time with blood in the urine, breast lump, difficulty swallowing, iron-deficiency anaemia and post-menopausal or rectal bleeding during 2014–2015. The authors found that the majority of patients presenting with common possible cancer symptoms were not being referred by GPs in line with clinical guidelines. They also found that a significant number of these patients went on to develop cancer within a year, and suggest that improvement is needed in the cancer diagnosis process.

This editorial in BMJ Quality & Safety suggests that individual doctors' conduct, performance and responsibility are important factors in improving patient safety. The authors argue that although a 'systems approach' is important, it is necessary to examine the role of individuals within those systems. They highlight recent research that points to small numbers of individual doctors who contribute repeatedly to patient dissatisfaction and harm, and to difficult working environments for other staff. They suggest that identifying and intervening with these individuals plays a role in the wider systems approach to patient safety. They also highlight an urgent need for further research into identifying and responding to problematic clinicians.

This research by the Nuffield Trust, commissioned by NHS England and NHS Improvement, explores the business case for overseas recruitment and looks at the factors that attract or deter nurses from choosing to work in the UK. With a current NHS nursing vacancy rate of 10% and ambitious national goals to expand the workforce, recruiting nurses from overseas is an essential part of the picture. In this research, the authors look at the costs and benefits of overseas recruitment and present their findings as a briefing paper, research report and review on factors that attract or deter staff from moving to the UK.

This paper by Biophorum, a membership organisation for the biopharmaceutical industry, looks at how companies in the sector can adopt a human performance approach to operations. It highlights the need to move away from a focus on reducing human error and towards integrating fundamental systems changes that will enhance human performance.

In this HSJ article, workforce correspondent Annabelle Collins looks at the workforce issues facing the NHS as the Omicron variant of Covid-19 spreads rapidly across the UK. She highlights that staff absences are at their highest since March 2020, with the situation particularly worrying in London, where 1 in 13 doctors are currently off sick. The author discusses the role of PPE in protecting staff and reducing absences and quotes Patient Safety Learning's Chief Executive Helen Hughes, who highlights "inconsistencies" in the UK approach, saying the IPC guidance needs to be “urgently updated” so HEPA/FPP3 masks are provided for NHS staff, in line with World Health Organization recommendations: “Today the World Health Organisation is issuing updated guidance for health workers, recommending the use of either a respirator or a medical mask, in addition to other personal protective equipment, when entering a room where there is a patient with suspected or confirmed covid.” The article also examines the government's lack of workforce plans and the Treasury’s unwillingness to publish workforce predictions, despite repeated calls for them over the past few years.

This study in the British Journal of General Practice aims to identify and understand the unintended consequences of online consultations in primary care. The authors interviewed 19 patients and 18 general practice staff at eight general practices using online consultation tools in South West and North West England between February 2019 and January 2020. The study found the following unintended consequences of online consultation: Creation of difficulties for some patients in communicating effectively with a GP. The system disadvantaged digitally-excluded patients. Patient uncertainty about how their queries were dealt with, and whether practices used online consultations as their preferred method for patients to contact the practice. Creation of additional work for some staff. Isolation and dissatisfaction for some staff.

This survey for health and care staff looks at how quickly staff are aware of alarms emitted by bedside monitoring equipment in single patient rooms, and their ability to respond. Doors to single patient rooms are often kept shut for long periods of time for reasons of privacy, dignity and (at the moment especially) infection control. With the UK Government targeting a growth in the proportion of NHS hospital rooms which have a single bed, is this a risk to the health and wellbeing of patients? This is not a specific issue where data is collected, so an online survey has been created to gather feedback and opinions.

This analysis uses data from the Office for National Statistics UK Coronavirus (Covid-19) Infection Survey data to estimate the prevalence of self-reported Long Covid in the UK.

In this report, Professor Brian Edwards summarises contributions given to the UK Covid-19 Inquiry by various politicians and senior civil servants, relating to how prepared the UK and Scottish Governments were for the Covid-19 pandemic. It contains reflections on the contributions of: Nicola Sturgeon (First Minister of Scotland during the pandemic) Matt Hancock (Secretary of State for Health and Social Care during the pandemic) Jenny Harries (Chief Executive of the UK Health Security Agency) Emma Reed (civil servant, DHSC)

Are whistleblower reward programmes a charter for malicious complaints, as some claim, or are they a genuine incentive providing a safety net against retaliation? How successful are these programmes in recovering fraud and other proceeds of crime and serious organised crime? This paper aims to answer these questions—it was produced by WhistleblowersUK in collaboration with US lawyers who contributed to the development and improvement of US reward programmes. It aims to address questions about the legislation around US reward programmes, dispel some of the myths and look at some of the objections attributed to British attitudes about rewarding whistleblowers.

There has been growing concern about doctors’ conflicts of interests (COIs) but it is unclear what processes and tools exist to enable the consistent declaration and management of such interests. This study in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine mapped existing policies across a variety of organisations and settings to better understand the degree of variation and identify opportunities for improvement. The analysis of organisational policies revealed wide variation in what interests should be declared, when and how. This variation suggests that the current system may not be adequate to maintain a high level of professional integrity in all settings and that there is a need for better standardisation that reduces the risk of errors while addressing the needs of doctors, organisations and the public.

The Women's Health Strategy for England was developed and published in 2022 in response to the growing recognition of the unique health needs and challenges faced by women in England (and the U.K.) and was brought forward to address longstanding gaps in women's healthcare and to promote better health outcomes for women across the country. This Forbes article looks at why women’s health should be included in every government’s agenda. The author speaks to Professor Dame Lesley Regan, Women's Health Ambassador for England about the progress of the strategy and Dr. Ranee Thakar, President of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists about the need to ensure underrepresented groups are included in the strategy.

This BMJ article by journalist Andrew Kersley reports on a meeting of 157 medical experts and academics held at the Royal Society of Medicine on poverty and the cost-of-living crisis, which took place in May 2023. One academic at the event warned that the long term effect of ongoing economic inequality on life expectancy was worse than six unmitigated covid pandemics. The three solutions proposed at the meeting that received the most support were: a national strategy to tackle poverty the nationwide delivery of “more affordable, quality, secure social and rental housing” urgently increasing the rate of Universal Credit as well as removing the restrictions related to total benefits and multiple children.

For decades the NHS has collected routine data on millions of patients. In a world where big data has increasing value, the UK has an opportunity to truly leverage its health data assets to benefit people in the UK and across the world—both through better health and through the generation of more research and development and economic growth. This report by the Institute of Global Health Innovation at Imperial College London provides a broad overview of the UK’s health data policy landscape. It identifies strategic and technical recommendations to move towards a health data policy ecosystem that allows clinical, societal or financial value to be more readily extracted from patient data.

The Relatives and Residents Association (R&RA) is conducting a survey which aims to gather evidence on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on access to healthcare services for those living in care homes. R&RA is seeking responses from people who were living in care homes at any point during the pandemic, or from their relatives and friends. Our analysis of the responses will be shared with the UK Covid-19 Inquiry, including anonymised examples. The survey should take around 10-15 mins to complete.

The National Audit of Care at the End of Life (NACEL) is commissioned by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) as part of the National Clinical Audit and Patient Outcomes Programme (NCAPOP). It was carried out by the NHS Benchmarking Network in collaboration with The Patients Association and aims to assess the quality of care that patients receiving end of life care and their families experience, as well as staff perceptions of their confidence and ability to deliver end of life care. The audit included: an Organisational Level Audit covering Trust/Health Board and hospital/submission level questions for 2020/21. a Case Note Review which reviewed 20 consecutive deaths between 12th April 2021 and 25th April 2021 and 20 consecutive deaths between 1st May 2021 and 14th May 2021 for acute providers and up to 40 consecutive deaths in April and May 2021 for community providers. a Quality Survey completed online, or by telephone, by the bereaved person. a Staff Reported Measure, completed online. Key findings Recognising the possibility of imminent death The possibility that the patient may die within the next few hours/days was recognised in 87% of cases audited, compared to 88% in 2019. The median time from recognition of dying to death was recorded as 44 hours (41 hours in 2019). Communication with the dying person Results on all key metrics regarding the recording of conversations with the dying person remain similar to 2019, pre-pandemic levels However, from the Quality Survey, the proportion strongly disagreeing or disagreeing with the statement ‘staff communicated sensitively with the dying person’ increased from 7% (2019) to 11% (2021). Communication with families and others There was little change in 2021 when compared to 2019, with continued high compliance on recording of conversations about the possibility that the person might die and on the individualised plan of care. As in 2019, discussions on hydration and nutrition with families and others were documented, or a reason why not recorded, in only around half of cases. Involvement in decision making Findings from the Case Note Review in 2021 suggest continued strong compliance on involvement in decision making, with similar results to those reported when this theme was last tested in 2018. However, from the Quality Survey, in 2021, 23% of people felt they would like to be more involved in the person’s care compared to 19% in 2019. Individualised plan of care Third round findings from the Case Note Review showed similar results for the existence of an individualised plan of care, 73% of cases compared to 71% in 2019, suggesting this is an ongoing area for improvement. Documented evidence of an assessment of wider needs such as emotional/psychological, spiritual/religious/cultural and social/practical shows a reduction since 2019, which may be a result of continuing pressures of the Covid-19 pandemic on services during 2021. Needs of families and others The needs of the family were identified as an improvement area in both round one and round two of the audit. Comparison with 2019 findings suggests performance has deteriorated, which may reflect the impact of the pandemic on the ability of visitors to access wards and the capacity of staff to assess and address the needs of families and others. Families’ and others’ experience of care The overall rating of care and support to the person who died, and the overall rating of care and support provided to families and others, are lower than in 2019. Governance Governance was last measured in 2018 and Trusts/Health Boards (HB) continue to show high compliance with the existence of key policies related to care at the end of life in 2021. Workforce/specialist palliative care The results show an improvement in access to specialist palliative care, in particular, face-to-face access 8 hours a day, 7 days a week was available in 60% of hospitals/sites compared to 36% in 2019. The increased provision may reflect a response to the pandemic and it is not yet clear whether the change will be permanent. Staff confidence Staff completing the survey expressed confidence in recognition of dying, communication, responding to the needs of the dying person and those important to them, involving people in decision making, accessing specialist palliative care and managing pain and physical symptoms, with less than 6% stating they strongly disagreed or disagreed with positive statements of confidence in these areas. Staff support Training was identified as a potential area for improvement with only 49% of respondents stating they had completed training specific to end of life care within the last three years. Although staff felt support was available from the specialist palliative care team, only 66% felt managerial support was available to help provide care at the end of life. Care and culture Although 83% felt able to raise a concern about end of life care, this should be closer to 100%. Only 80% answered positively that they felt they work in a culture the prioritises care, compassion, respect and dignity, which is also a concern.

The consultancy firm McKinsey & Company explored the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the nursing workforce in a global survey that included nurses from United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Japan, Brazil and France. The survey findings show a consistency around how nurses feel in their roles today, despite the different healthcare systems and delivery networks in each of the six countries. A substantial population of nurses are expressing a desire to leave direct patient care, with between 28% and 38% of nurse respondents in the United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Japan and France indicating that they were likely to leave their current role in direct patient care in the next year. This article explores in detail some of the reasons why nurses are choosing to leave direct patient care, and highlights approaches that might encourage retention, including positive leadership initiatives.

This blog by the charity Picker explores concerns about the safety of staffing levels in the NHS, highlighted by the 2021 NHS Staff Survey. It talks about the potential impact of a recent drop in staff morale. The blog draws out these key findings from the survey: The proportion of staff who felt unwell as a result of work-related stress in the last 12 months rose to 46% – almost half. This was an increase of nearly 3% from the 2020 figure (44%) and continued a trend: the figure has risen each year since 2017, when 38% of staff reported work-related stress. Almost one-in-three staff members say they “often think about leaving” their organisation – an increase of 4% points vs the 26% recorded in 2020. And one-in-six (16%) say they will leave their organisation “as soon as I can find another job” – a 2% point increase from 2020. Only 52% of NHS staff say that they look forward to going to work – a decline of more than 6% points from 58% in 2020. New questions in the survey suggest that many staff are experiencing burnout. Overall, more than a third of staff (34%) said that they ‘always’ or ‘often’ “feel burnt out because of [their] work”. The proportion was even higher for staff in patient facing roles (for example, 41% of registered nurses and midwives) and especially for ambulance personnel (51%).