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Content ArticleClinical guidelines can contribute to medication errors but there is no overall understanding of how and where these occur. This study aimed to identify guideline-related medication errors reported via a national incident reporting system, and describe types of error, stages of medication use, guidelines, drugs, specialties and clinical locations most commonly associated with such errors.
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WHO: Medication with harm – Policy brief (7 March 2024)
Patient Safety Learning posted an article in Medication
Harm due to medicines and therapeutic options accounts for nearly 50% of preventable harm in medical care. This World Health Organization (WHO) policy brief is a resource for policy-makers, health workers, healthcare leaders, academic institutions and other relevant institutions to help understand the global burden of medication errors, address and prevent medication-related harm at all levels of healthcare, aligned with the strategic plan of the third WHO Global Patient Safety Challenge: Medication Without Harm.- Posted
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Content ArticleMedication errors in ambulatory care settings present unique patient safety challenges. This systematic review explored the prevalence of medication errors in outpatient and ambulatory care settings. Findings indicate that prescribing errors (e.g., dosing errors) are the most common type of medication error and are often attributed to latent factors, such as knowledge gaps.
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Content ArticleOver the past decade, the implementation of simulation education in health care has increased exponentially. Simulation-based education allows learners to practice patient care in a controlled, psychologically safe environment without the risk of harming a patient. Facilitators may identify medical errors during instruction, aiding in developing targeted education programs leading to improved patient safety. However, medical errors that occur during simulated health care may not be reported broadly in the simulation literature. This study in the Journal of Patient Safety aimed to identify and categorise the type and frequency of reported medical errors in healthcare simulation.
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Surgeon News: Truth and compassion (December 2023)
Patient Safety Learning posted an article in Patient engagement
Surgeons' News is a magazine for surgical, dental and allied healthcare professionals. Published quarterly by the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, it features comment and opinion from leading professionals, plus reviews and reports on subjects relevant to all career levels. In the article 'Truth and compassion' (page 20-21), David Alderson considers the patient’s perspective on mistakes.- Posted
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Content ArticleChildren are more than twice as likely as adults to experience a medication error at home. In this interview for the journal Patient Safety, Dr Kathleen Walsh, paediatrician at Boston Children’s Hospital, discusses why that is the case and provides some tips to keep children—and adults—safe.
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Content ArticleSHOT is the UK’s independent, professionally-led haemovigilance scheme. It collects and analyses anonymised information on adverse events and reactions in blood transfusion from all healthcare organisations that are involved in the transfusion of blood and blood components in the United Kingdom. This document contains updated information on reporting categories and what to report to the scheme.
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Content ArticleTraditionally, recommendations regarding responding to medical errors focused mostly on whether to disclose mistakes to patients. Over time, empirical research, ethical analyses and stakeholder engagement began to inform expectations — which are now embodied in communication and resolution programmes (CRPs) — for how healthcare professionals and organisations should respond not just to errors but any time patients have been harmed by medical care (adverse events). CRPs require several steps: quickly detecting adverse events, communicating openly and empathetically with patients and families about the event, apologising and taking responsibility for errors, analysing events and redesigning processes to prevent recurrences, supporting patients and clinicians, and proactively working with patients toward reconciliation. In this modern ethical paradigm, any time harm occurs, clinicians and health care organisations are accountable for minimising suffering and promoting learning. However, implementing this ethical paradigm is challenging, especially when the harm was due to an error.
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Content ArticleInterprofessional communication is of extraordinary importance for patient safety. To improve interprofessional communication, joint training of the different healthcare professions is required in order to achieve the goal of effective teamwork and interprofessional care. The aim of this pilot study from Heier et al. published in BMC Medical Education was to develop and evaluate a joint training concept for nursing trainees and medical students in Germany to improve medication error communication.
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Content ArticleThe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) list of drug names with recommended tall man (mixed case) letters was initiated in 2001 with the agency’s Name Differentiation Project. Tall man lettering (TML) is a technique that uses uppercase lettering to help differentiate look-alike drug names. Starting on the left side of a drug name, TML highlights the differences between similar drug names by capitalizing dissimilar letters (e.g., vinBLAStine versus vinCRIStine and CISplatin versus CARBOplatin). TML can be used along with colour or bolding to draw attention to the dissimilarities between look-alike drug names, and alert healthcare providers that the drug name can be confused with another drug name. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) 'Look-alike drug names with recommended tall man (mixed case) letters' contains drug name pairs or larger groupings with recommended, bolded uppercase letters to help draw attention to the dissimilarities in look-alike drug names. The list includes mostly generic-generic drug names, although a few brand-brand or brand-generic names are included. See also our Medication error traps gallery
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Designing in risk: Measuring safety part 3
NMacLeod posted an article in Improving patient safety
The relationship between management and the workforce, in very simplistic terms, can be considered one of reward in return for effort. The contracted effort is communicated through a roster. In organisations that have a continuous operation, blocks of effort are distributed to maintain the flow of output. The organisation of effort, then, is a legitimate function of management. Norman's previous blog looked at performance variability under normal conditions. In this blog, Norman looks at the impact of physiological states and how management’s organisation of effort degrades decision-making.- Posted
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Content ArticleThe healthcare workplace is a high-stress environment. All stakeholders, including patients and providers, display evidence of that stress. High stress has several effects. Even acutely, stress can negatively affect cognitive function, worsening diagnostic acumen, decision-making, and problem-solving. It decreases helpfulness. As stress increases, it can progress to burnout and more severe mental health consequences, including depression and suicide. One of the consequences (and causes) of stress is incivility. Both patients and staff can manifest these unkind behaviours, which in turn have been shown to cause medical errors. The human cost of errors is enormous, reflected in thousands of lives impacted every year. The economic cost is also enormous, costing at least several billion dollars annually. The warrant for promoting kindness, therefore, is enormous. Kindness creates positive interpersonal connections, which, in turn, buffers stress and fosters resilience. Kindness, therefore, is not just a nice thing to do: it is critically important in the workplace. Ways to promote kindness, including leadership modelling positive behaviours as well as the deterrence of negative behaviours, are essential. A new approach using kindness media is described. It uplifts patients and staff, decreases irritation and stress, and increases happiness, calmness, and feeling connected to others.
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Content ArticleIn a three-part series of blogs for the hub, Norman Macleod explores how systems behave and how the actions of humans and organisations increase risk. In part 1 of this blog series, Norman suggested that measuring safety is problematic because the inherent variability in any system is largely invisible. Unfortunately, what we call safety is largely a function of the risks arising from that variability. In this blog, Norman explores how error might offer a pointer to where we might look.
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Content ArticleIn this article, Stephen Shorrock, Chartered Ergonomist and human factors specialist, shares some some insights on the concept of ‘human error and the idea of ‘honest mistakes’. He outlines the problem with thinking of errors as ‘causing’ unwanted events such as accidents, arguing that this approach ignores all of the other relevant ‘causes’, especially in high-hazard, safety-critical systems,
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Content ArticleStephen Shorrock looks at how we use deficit-based taxonomies when describing incidents in healthcare and why neutralised taxonomies may be more flexible and useful.
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News Article
Locum warned after dispensing error in ‘staffing crisis’ leads to patient death
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
A locum responsible pharmacist has been issued a warning after a patient died when he dispensed the wrong strength of oxycodone during a staffing crunch, the regulator has revealed. Paresh Gordhanbhai Patel supplied 120mg rather than the prescribed 20mg of oxycodone hydrochloride to an “elderly” patient while working two locum shifts as responsible pharmacist at Crompton Pharmacy at Whitley House Surgery in Chelmsford. After taking one tablet, the patient died from an “accidental” oxycodone “overdose”, the General Pharmaceutical Council’s (GPhC) fitness-to-practise (FtP) committee heard at a hearing held on 11-13 September. Mr Patel admitted that he was “stressed and overtired” when he failed to notice a “discrepancy” between the prescribed strength of oxycodone and what he ordered and dispensed, The regulator heard that Mr Patel was “over-conscientious” and felt compelled “at a human level” to help out at the under-staffed pharmacy, despite the fact that it was “not safe to do so”, it added. Mr Patel admitted that his errors “amounted to misconduct” and conceded to the committee that his fitness to practise was “impaired” because he “breached one of the fundamental principles of the pharmacy profession.” The regulator heard that Mr Patel had “immediately” admitted his mistake to the pharmacy and did so again at the coroner’s inquest, where he also publicly apologised to the patient’s family. Read full story Source: Chemist and Druggist, 12 October 2023- Posted
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Content ArticleMedication errors are a leading cause of patient harm globally. WHO launched the Global Patient Safety Challenge: Medication Without Harm, with the objective of preventing severe medication related patient harm globally. This publication is one of the documents in the WHO Technical Series on “Medication Safety Solutions” that the WHO is publishing, to address important aspects pertaining to medication safety.
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News Article
GP mistakes led to patient suffering a stroke and going blind
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
Doctors missed a man’s stroke which led him to suffer another one and go temporarily blind. The man said that the experience had changed him from ‘an outgoing social person, to a sheltered man living in fear that he is not being looked after competently’. The 75-year-old visited his GP in Darlington complaining of dizziness, light-headedness, and a numb foot. He had experienced a stroke and should have been immediately sent to hospital. But doctors missed the signs, diagnosed him with a ‘dropped foot’ and requested an urgent MRI scan. However, due to an administrative error the referral wasn’t made and the scan never happened. A month after visiting the GP, the man suffered a blinding headache and diminished vision. He saw an ophthalmologist who referred him to a specialist team. He had suffered another stroke. He also paid for a private scan which confirmed the first stroke happened a month earlier. Distressingly, the man lost vision in his right eye, which he was told could be permanent. Fortunately, his sight returned eight weeks later. His daughter, who described the experience as ‘horrendous’, complained to the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) about her father’s care. The PHSO found that the initial symptoms were signs of a problem with nerve, spinal cord, or brain function. Doctors should have suspected a stroke and immediately sent him to hospital. If that had happened, the second stroke and sight loss would likely have been avoided. Ombudsman Rob Behrens said: “Having a stroke and then being told you could be permanently blind must have been incredibly frightening. The impact on the man, and his family who supported him through the ordeal, will have been deep and long-lasting. “Mistakes like these need to be recognised and acted upon so that they are not repeated.” Read full press release Read case file Source: PHSO, 4 October 2023 -
Content ArticleMelissa Sheldrick is a Patient Safety Expert, Patient and Family Advisor at ISMP Canada and member of Patients for Patient Safety Canada. With a passion for improving medication safety for all, Melissa uses her unique perspective as a caregiver with lived experience to drive change and promote a culture of safety within the healthcare system. Her dedication to this work is inspired by her personal experience as a mother who lost her 8-year-old son Andrew to a medication error in 2016. This is their story.
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Content ArticleThe Patient Safety Network (PSNet) produces primers which provide guidance on key topics in patient safety through context, epidemiology and relevant PSNet content. This primer focuses on nurse-related medication administration errors and highlights that despite error reduction efforts through implementing new technologies and streamlining processes, medication administration errors remain prevalent. It covers the background to the issue, low-tech and high-tech prevention strategies and the current context.
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News ArticleSharri Shaw walked out of the CVS on Vermont Avenue in South Los Angeles in 2019 believing she had a prescription for the pain reliever acetaminophen. Instead the bottle held a medicine to treat high blood pressure, a problem she did not have. Shaw began taking the pills, not learning of the mistake until six days later when a CVS employee arrived at her home, according to a lawsuit she filed last year. The employee told her not to take the tablets, the lawsuit said, before leaving the correct prescription at her door. The mistake, she said, left her stunned. Shaw’s experience is far from an isolated event. California pharmacies make an estimated 5 million errors every year, according to the state’s Board of Pharmacy. Officials at the regulatory board say they can only estimate the number of errors because pharmacies are not required to report them. Most of the mistakes that California officials have discovered, according to citations issued by the board and reviewed by The Times, occurred at chain pharmacies such as CVS and Walgreens, where a pharmacist may fill hundreds of prescriptions during a shift, while juggling other tasks such as giving vaccinations, calling doctors’ offices to confirm prescriptions and working the drive-through. Christopher Adkins, a pharmacist who worked at CVS, and then at Vons pharmacies until March, said that management policies at the big chains have resulted in understaffed stores and overworked staff. “At this point it’s completely unsafe,” he said. Read full story Source: Los Angeles Times, 5 September 2023
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Content ArticleIn this article in the Irish Times, Niall discusses his book, Oops! Why Things Go Wrong, and explores why error is inevitable, how it affects many different industries and areas of society, sometimes catastrophically, and most importantly, what we can do about it. You can also listen to an interview with Niall on BBC Radio Ulster’s Talkback (Listen from 38 mins to 57 mins). Related reading on the hub: Oops! Why things go wrong – a blog by Niall Downey
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News ArticleRaDonda Vaught was sentenced to three years of supervised probation on the 13 May for a fatal medication error she made in 2017 while working as a nurse at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center in the USA. In remarks made during the sentencing hearing, Ms. Vaught expressed concerns over what her case means for clinicians and patient safety reporting. "This sentencing is bound to have an effect on how [nurses] proceed both in reporting medical errors, medication errors, raising concerns if they see something they feel needs to be brought to someone's attention," she said. "I worry this is going to have a deep impact on patient safety." Numerous medical organisations expressed similar concerns in statements circulated after Ms. Vaught's sentencing. "To achieve our goal of zero patient harm and death from preventable medical errors, we need to foster a culture where leadership of hospitals and healthcare organizations support healthcare workers and encourage them to share near misses," the Patient Safety Movement Foundation said in a statement. "Healthcare workers are human and healthcare systems need to ensure there are appropriate processes in place to provide their staff with a safe and reliable working environment so they can provide their patients with the best care. Only by identifying potential problems and learning from them can change occur." Read full story Source: Becker's Hospital Review, 16 May 2022
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News ArticleOn 25 March2022, a Tennessee jury convicted RaDonda Vaught, a nurse at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, of criminally negligent homicide and impaired adult abuse in a 2017 medication administration error that tragically resulted in a patient death. The Washington State Nurses Association have issued a joint statement adamantly opposed to criminalization of patient care errors. "Focusing on blame and punishment solves nothing. It can only discourage reporting and drive errors underground. It not only undermines patient safety; it fosters an environment of fear and lack of respect for health care workers." "The Vaught case has drawn intense national attention and concern. We join with health care workers and patient safety experts around the country and the world in rejecting the criminalization of medical errors. Further, we are committed to redoubling our efforts to achieve health care environments that are safe for patients and health care workers alike. This includes the ongoing, critical fight to achieve safe staffing standards in Washington state." Read full statement Source: Washington State Nurses Association, 8 April 2022
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Why nurses are raging and quitting after the RaDonda Vaught verdict
Patient Safety Learning posted a news article in News
Emma Moore felt cornered. At a community health clinic in Portland, Oregon, USA, the 29-year-old nurse practitioner said she felt overwhelmed and undertrained. Coronavirus patients flooded the clinic for two years, and Moore struggled to keep up. Then the stakes became clear. On 25 March, about 2,400 miles away in a Tennessee courtroom, former nurse RaDonda Vaught was convicted of two felonies and facing eight years in prison for a fatal medication mistake. Like many nurses, Moore wondered if that could be her. She'd made medication errors before, although none so grievous. But what about the next one? In the pressure cooker of pandemic-era health care, another mistake felt inevitable. Four days after Vaught's verdict, Moore quit. She said Vaught's verdict contributed to her decision. "It's not worth the possibility or the likelihood that this will happen," Moore said, "if I'm in a situation where I'm set up to fail." In the wake of Vaught's trial ― an extremely rare case of a health care worker being criminally prosecuted for a medical error ― nurses and nursing organizations have condemned the verdict through tens of thousands of social media posts, shares, comments, and videos. They warn that the fallout will ripple through their profession, demoralizing and depleting the ranks of nurses already stretched thin by the pandemic. Ultimately, they say, it will worsen health care for all. Read full story Source: Kaiser Health News, 5 April 2022- Posted
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