https://www.pslhub.org/learn/investigations-risk-management-and-legal-issues/investigations-and-complaints/specialist-investigation-training/?d=1Learn: Learnenhttps://www.pslhub.org/learn/investigations-risk-management-and-legal-issues/investigations-and-complaints/specialist-investigation-training/cpd-course-a-systems-approach-to-investigating-and-learning-from-patient-safety-incidents-r10529/10529Tue, 28 Nov 2023 08:00:00 +0000https://www.pslhub.org/learn/investigations-risk-management-and-legal-issues/investigations-and-complaints/specialist-investigation-training/science-and-the-law-primers-for-courts-the-royal-society-r7009/

Primer: Forensic collision investigation

Primer: Understanding ballistics

Primer: The use of statistics in legal proceedings

Primer: Forensic gait analysis

Primer: Forensic DNA analysis

]]>7009Sun, 17 Apr 2022 09:38:00 +0000https://www.pslhub.org/learn/investigations-risk-management-and-legal-issues/investigations-and-complaints/specialist-investigation-training/forensic-science-regulator-guidance-cognitive-bias-effects-2020-r7234/ There are a number of categories of cognitive bias described in more detail in these guidelines:

1. Expectation bias, also known as experimenter’s bias, where the expectation of what an individual will find affects what is actually found.
2. Confirmation bias is closely related to expectation bias, whereby people test hypotheses by looking for confirming evidence rather than for potentially conflicting evidence.
3. Anchoring effects or focalism are closely related to both of the above and occur when an individual relies too heavily on an initial piece of information when making subsequent judgements, which are then interpreted on the basis of the anchor.
4. Contextual bias is where someone has other information aside from that being considered, which influences (either consciously or subconsciously) the outcome of the consideration.
5. Role effects are where scientists identify themselves within adversarial judicial systems as part of either the prosecution or defence teams. This may introduce subconscious bias that can influence decisions, especially where some ambiguity exists.
6. Motivational bias occurs where, for example, motivational influence on decision making results in information consistent with a favoured conclusion tending to be subject to a lower level of scrutiny than information that may support a less favoured outcome.
7. Reconstructive effects can occur when people rely on memory rather than taking contemporaneous notes. In this case people tend subsequently to fill in gaps with what they believe should have happened, and so may be influenced by protocol requirements when recalling events some time later from memory.

]]>7234Wed, 22 Jul 2020 11:43:00 +0000https://www.pslhub.org/learn/investigations-risk-management-and-legal-issues/investigations-and-complaints/specialist-investigation-training/forensic-science-lessons-learnt-issue-1-1-february-2019-r7233/7233Wed, 22 Jul 2020 11:35:00 +0000